UNIVERSITY  OF  VIRGINIA 
BULLETIN  OF  THE  SCHOOL  OF   LATIN 


THE 

LITERARY  SATURNIAN 

PART  I 
LIVIUS   ANDRON1CUS 


THOMAS  FITZHUGH 


MAY  1,    1910 


ANDERSON  BROTHERS 

UNIVERSITY     OF     VIRGINIA 

CH/YRLOTTESVILLE,  VA. 

U.  S.   A. 


PRICE  ONK  DOM. AH 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


UNIVERSITY  OF  VIRGINIA 
BULLETIN  OF  THE  SCHOOL  OF  LATIN 

No.  5 

MAY   1,    1910 

'    THE 

LITERARY  SATURNIAN 

THE  STICHIC  NORM  OF  ITALICO-KELTIC,'  ROMANIC, 
AND  MODERN  RHYTHM 


PART  I 
LIVIUS    ANDRONICUS 

By 
THOMAS   FITZHUGH 

Professor  of  Latin  in  ihe  University  of  Virginia 

UNIVERSITY  ( t  >,.,,>LIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 
LIBRARY 


ANDERSON  BROTHERS 

UNIVERSITY    OF    VIRGINIA 

CHARLOTTESVIL^E,  VA., 

u.  s.  \r ) 

/ 


COPYRIGHT  1910 

BY 
THOMAS  FITZHUQH 


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^lemoriam 


Veterum  Primordia  Vocum 

atque 
Mas  Strepitus  Fidis  Latinae. 

Persius  VI.  3-4. 


THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAN 

PART  I.     LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS 

BY 

THOMAS  FixzHuGH 

I.      INTRODUCTION 

Having  in  Bulletin  No.  i,  Prolegomena  to  the  History  of  Italico-Romanic 
Rhythm,  University  of  Virginia,  1908,  penetrated  beneath  the  fond  con- 
ventions of  Hellenizing  orthodoxy  into  the  pulsating  life  of  Italic  accent 
and  rhythm,  and  discovered  the  procatalectic  word-foot  and  verse-foot 
(A-A-G)  of  Latin-Faliscan  and  Gscan-Umbrian  speech  and  verse,  we  were 
prepared  in  Bulletin  No.  2,  Carmen  Arvale  sen  Martis  Verber  or  The  Tonic 
Laws  of  Latin  Speech  and  Rhythm,  University  of  Virginia,  1908,  to  unlock 
the  accentual  and  rhythmic  treasures  of  our  venerable  old  cryptograph, 
and  to  formulate  the  tripudic  principle  of  Latin  accent  and  rhythm. 

In  Bulletin  No.  3,  The  Sacred  Tripvdium,  University  of  Virginia,  1909, 
we  established  the  tripudic  principle  for  the  Italico-Romanic  field  in 
connection  with  our  epigraphic  and  extra-literary  monuments,  and  in 
Bulletin  No.  4,  Italico-Keltic  Accent  and  Rhythm,  University  of  Virginia, 
1909,  the  doctrine  was  extended  to  include  the  accent  and  rhythm  of  the 
Keltic  race. 

We  now  enter  upon  the  task  of  examining  in  detail  the  successive 
literary  phases  of  the  Italico-Keltic  tripudium,  the  first  of  which  is  the 
Saturnian  of  Livius  Andronicus  and  Naevius.  It  will  be  helpful  in  prep- 
aration for  this  initial  task  to  rehearse  the  organic  doctrine  of  tripudic 
rhythm,  and  to  sketch  the  salient  motives  in  its  historical  evolution. 

II.      THE  ORGANON  OF  TRIPUDIC  RHYTHM 

The  tripudic  principle  involves  a  twofold  contrast: 
i°.    The  contrast  of  single  stress  with  single  stress, 

vt      i     * 

Triumpe. 

A|A-G° 


6  THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAN 

2°.     The  contrast  of  double  stress  with  single  stress, 

vtijo 

Triumpe 

A-A|G 

Thus  the  principle  of  artistic  variety  is  inherent  in  the  tripudic  principle 
of  stress  contrast  itself.  For  the  contrast  of  simple  stresses  may  be  re- 
placed at  will  by  the  contrast  of  stress  groups,  since  tripudic  rhythm,  being 
accentual,  measures  syllables  by  time  of  utterance,  not  time  of  utterance 
by  syllabic  structure,  as  in  Greek. 

Hence  evolve  spontaneously  the  manifold  forms  of  expanded  and  con- 
tracted tripudia,  whose  only  law  is  the  inviolability  of  tripudic  tone- 
sequence  :  the  stressless  grave  O  must  follow  the  initial  or  the  double  ac- 
cent of  the  tripudium,  and  the  two  reversals  of  tripudic  rhythm,  G-G  and 
G-A-O  (G  =  grave  stress,  A  =  acute  stress),  must  become  rhythmized  as 
G°-G  (  =0-G)  and  G°-A-O  (  =O-A-O)  respectively  by  being  placed  after 
the  initial  thesis  of  the  rhythmic  series  (A2  =  A-A)  or  by  being  postponed 
to  the  double  accent  (A-A);  cf.  Sacred  Tripudium  §§  8-9. 
t  Furthermore,  the  principle  of  stress  contrast  in  the  tripudium  involves 
the  principle  of  tripudic  contrast  in  the  dipody  or  Numerus  Italicus,  and 
of  dipodic  contrast  in  the  distich  or  Saturnian.  Hence  the  former  becomes 
the  normative  unitary  series,  the  latter  the  normative  rhythmic  period, 
of  Italico-Keltic  verse. 

Accordingly,  we  may  trace  with  immanent  logical  certainty  the  pre- 
historic evolution  of  the  Italico-Keltic  Saturnian  by  the  aid  of  our 
sacred  cryptograph,  the  Carmen  Arvale,  which  is  itself  a  mystic  glorifi- 
cation of  the  tripudic  principle,  and  by  a  comparison  of  the  analogous 
phenomena  in  Fiacc's  Hymn  to  St.  Patrick: 

A.     The  simple  tripudium: 

vll    * 

a.  Latin-Faliscan :    Triumpe. 

A-A-G 

«      •     . 

b.  Oscan-Umbrian :    Stahmeitei. 

A-A-G 

»        • 

c.  Old  Irish:     Innemthur. 

A-A-G 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS 
B.     The  tripudic  dipody: 


a.  Latin-Faliscan :    Triumpe  triumpe. 

A-A-G|A-A-G 

1    '         |   »    « 

b.  Oscan-Umbrian :      Naharcer  labuscer. 

A-A-G  |  A-A-G 

•       '      .    |    •  •     . 

c.  Keltic:      Hoadeochain    odissi. 

A-A-G  |  A-A-G 

C.     The  tripudic  dipody  with  paracatalectic  expansion  of  the  first 
tripudium : 

\!/  -i.     \!/   -i.    I  c<    _    o 

a.    Latin-Faliscan:    Enos  Lases  iuvate. 
A-G    A-GA-A-G 


b.  Oscan-Umbrian:    Esmei  stahmei  stahmeitei. 

A-G      A  -  G  |  A  -  A-G 

1   .        '  '     ' 

c.  Keltic:     Genair  patraicc  innemthur. 

A-G    A-G    |A-A  -  G 

D.  The    tripudic    dipody  with    paracatalectic    expansion  of    both 
tripudia: 

i    C.     A    J.|     A     A  1-1. 

Neve  luem  ruem  Marmar. 
A-G    A-G  |  A-G      A-G 

E.  The  tripudic  dipody  with  paracatalectic-procatalectic  expansion 
of  the  first  tripudium: 


Sinas  incurrere  in  pleoris. 
A-G    A-A-O-G|A-  \-G 


8  THE  LITERARY  SATURXIAX 

F.  The  tripudic  dipody  with  procatalectic-paracatalectic  expansion 
of  the  first  tripudium: 

A  i    o     i    o  |i     i  j. 

Manusque  susum  ad  caelum. 

A-A-G   A-G  |  A  -A-G 

G.  The  tripudic  dipody  with  procatalectic  contraction  of  the  second 
tripudium: 

•If      Jb  WVSJWW  — 

Satur    fure    fere    Mars. 
A-G    -    A     |      A     -     A 

H.  The  tripudic  dipody  with  paracatalectic  contraction  of  the  second 
tripudium : 

1     w'l    W     4.|     1         ^ 

Advocabitis   conctos. 
A-O-A-O-GI  A-  G 

I.  The  tripudic  dipody  with  acatalectic  contraction  of  the  first  tri- 
pudium : 

1        w    *   I    1     1     ^. 

Insece   versutum. 
A-O-G|  A-A-G 

J.  The  tripudic  dipody  with  procatalectic  expansion  of  the  first  tri- 
pudium : 

1         w's,    o      1    1     ^     I    vL   i     i 

Quei    a  p  i  c  e    insigne    D  i  a  1  i  s . 
A-A-G  A-A-G  |  A-A-G 

The  artistic  contrast  of  two  tripudic  dipodies  in  a  distich  constitutes 
the  Saturnian  verse,  whose  organic  origin  and  evolution  has  therefore 
been  the  same  in  Italic  and  in  Keltic  culture;  cf.  Italico-Keltic  Accent 
and  Rhythm,  pp.  53  ff. 

in.      THE    HISTORY  OF   THE  ITALICO-KELTIC   SATURNIAN 

Thus  the  universal  norms  of  Italico-Keltic  rhythm  before  the  on- 
grafting  of  the  Hellenic  quantitative  verse-beat  were  the  tripudic  dipody 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  9 

and  the  tripudic  distich  with  their  native  tripudic  verse-beat.  With  the 
grafting  of  the  Greek  structural  verse-beat  upon  the  Italico-Keltic 
tripudium  the  artistic  motive  of  the  classical  period  was  found  in  the 
rhythmical  alternation  and  coincidence  of  Italico-Keltic  accentual, 
and  Hellenic  structural  verse-beat.  With  the  neglect  of  quantity 
after  the  classic  period  the  raison  d'etre  of  all  alternation  of  accent  and 
ictus  was  withdrawn,  and  thoroughgoing  coincidence  of  tripudic  and 
structural  verse-beat  became  fixed  for  all  time. 

Our  wider  task,  therefore,  must  be  to  trace  the  successive  transforma- 
tions of  the  literary  Saturnian  from  its  parent  source  in  Italico-Keltic 
art  through  classic  Latin  poetry  and  Christian  hymnology  into  the  ac- 
centuo-structural  rhythm  of  Romanic  and  modern  art. 

We  shall  accordingly  observe  four  stages  in  the  long  historic  process: 

i°.  The  pure  Saturnian  with  native  tripudic  verse-beat,  in  Livius' 
Odysseia,  Naevius'  Bellum  Punicum,  Fiacc's  Hymn  to  St.  Patrick,  Ul- 
tan's  Hymn,  the  Antiphonarium  Benchorense  of  the  Ambrosian  Library 
in  Milan,  and  the  Liber  Hymnorum  of  the  Library  of  Trinity  College, 
Dublin. 

2°.  The  Hellenizing  Saturnian  with  rhythmical  alternation  and  coinci- 
dence of  tripudic  and  structural  verse-beat,  in  classic  Latin  poetry  and 
its  imitations. 

3°.  The  Hellenizing  Saturnian  with  thoroughgoing  coincidence  of 
tripudic  and  structural  verse-beat  in  vulgar  Latin  poetry  and  Christian 
hymnology. 

4°.  The  Hellenizing  Saturnian  with  structural  verse-beat  degenerating 
into  mere  syllable-counting  structure,  in  Romanic  and  modern  art. 

a.  The  Unhellenized  Tripudium 

i°.  The  pure  Saturnian  with  original  tripudic  verse-beat,  in  Livius' 
Odysseia,  Naevius'  Bellum  Punicum,  Fiacc's  Hymn  to  St.  Patrick,  Ultan's 
Hymn,  the  Antiphonarium  Benchorense  of  the  Ambrosian  Library,  and 
the  Liber  Hymnorum  in  Dublin:  —  in  Italy,  Ireland,  Italico-Keltic  domain, 
England,  and  Germany: 

A.     In  Italy: 

Livius,  Odys.  i, 


• 


i    « 


O      -1.  OJ.  C/    ±     O        JL    ss    ' 

Virum    mihi    Camena    insece    versutum. 
A-G       A-GI  A-A-G°IIA-O-G  I  A-A-G 


io  THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAN 

Naevius,  Bell.  Pun.  i, 

A       J.  vl^lli^lliw^lAi^ 

Novem    lovis    Concordes    filiae    sorores. 
A-G       A-G  |    A-A-G0  ||A-O-G|  A-A-G 

B.     In  Ireland: 

Fiacc's  Hymn  to  St.  Patrick  i  , 

1     .         '  I  '     '  II  '  '    •     I    '     ' 

Genair     patraicc     innemthur     ised     atfed     hiscelaib. 
A-G      A-G     |  A-  A-    G||  A-G    A-G       A-A-G 

Secundinus,  Hymnus  Alphabeticus  in  Laudem  Patricii  i,  ap. 
Murator.   Anecd.  iv.  136, 

iio  ij.|Xl*|\t*  io  w'wO 

Audite    omnes    amantes    deum   sancta     merita. 

A-A-G     A-G  |A-A-G  ||  A-G     A-G   1      A-G 

* 

Hymnus  S.  Camelaci  i,  ibid.  142, 


WW  J. 


Audite    bonum    exemplum    benedicti    pauperis. 
A-A-G    A-G    |A-A    -   G     ||     A-A-G°|   A-O-G 

Versiculi  Familiae  Benchuir  i,  ibid.  156, 


I    t 


Benchuir    bona    regula    recta    atque    divina. 
A-G       A -G°  |  A-O-G  ||  A-G     A-G  |  A-A-G 

MemoriaAbbatumNostrorum  i,  Am. Peyron,  Cic.  oral,  fragm.  ined.22$, 


Amavit   Christus   Comgillum  bene    et    ipse  dominum. 
A-A-G      A  -  G  |    A-A-G  ||     A    -  A    A-G  |       A-G 

Hymnus  S.  Columbae  i,  Liber  Hymnorum  ii.  205, 

Altus    prosator  vetustus    dierum    et    ingenitus. 
A2-G°    A-O-G  |  A-A-G    || A-A-G      A- A  I  A  -  G 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  n 

Sancti  Venite  i,  ibid.  i.  43, 

Sancti  venite  Christi  corpus  sumite. 
A  -  G    A-A-G  |    A  -  G|  A- G°  |  A-O-G 

S.  Columba,  Noli  pater  i,  ibid., 

Ij.vl/M/li-ic'llvlw'wO         1          is^O 

Noli  pater  indulgere   tonitrua  cum  fulgure. 
A-G  A-G°|  A-O-A-G ||  A  -  A  -  G  |  A  -  A-O-G 

S.  Columba,  In  te  Christe  i,  ibid., 

In  te  Christe  credentium  miserearis  omnium. 
A  -  A     A-G  |  A-A-O-G0  ||  A  -  O-A-G°|  A-O-G 

C.  In  Italico-Keltic  domain: 

St.  Augustine,  Psalmus  Abecedarius  contra  Donatum  i,  Opp.  D. 
Aug.,  Lugd.  1586.  7,  p.  3, 

.11  1  II        X      J  1  «.       I         1  .  i       V, 


Abundantia    peccatorum    solet  f  ratres  conturbare. 
A        A-O-G°|  A-O-A-G    |]  A-G  A-G°|  A-O-A-G 

D.  In  England,  by  importation  from  Ireland: 
Aldhelmus,  ed.  Giles,  Oxon.  1844,  p.  in, 


Summj  satoris  s  ol  i  a   sedit  qui  per  aethralia. 
A-G  A-A-G  |     A  -G||  A-G   A  -  A  |  A  -  A-O-G 

E.    In  Germany,  by  importation  from  Ireland  and  England: 

Baldhardus  ad  Berthgitham,  ap.  S.  Bonifac.,  ed.  Giles,  Lond. 
1844,  p.  280, 

A^         i       A|     i      ±     w    *||        i^±       ^|iiwO 

Vale  Christo  virguncula,  Christi  nempe  tiruncula. 
A-G    A  -G|  A-  A-O-G  ||    A-G  A-  G  |  A-A-O-G 

Berthgitha  ad  Baldhardum,  ibid.  p.  273, 

vL^i^liiwollii    i      j.  |  i     w  '  w     ^ 
Vale  vivens  feliciter  ut  sis  sanctus  simpliciter. 
A-G  A  -  G  I  A-A-O-G  II  A  -A    A  -  G  I  A  -  A  -  G 


12  THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAN 

S.  Bonifacius  ad  Nidhardum,  ibid.  p.  30, 

A^  1      *|      11    W       J.|     Vf«       'I         *|         1  ±     ~      ^ 

Vale  f  rater  florentibus  iuventutis  cum  viribus. 
A-G  A-G|  A-A-O-GH    A  -  A-G|  A  -  A-O-G 

The  powerful  tripudic  emphasis  of  the  second  foot  of  the  dipody  sug- 
gested naturally  a  point  of  rhythmic  vantage  for  rhyming  effects.  The 
origin  of  rhyme  is  therefore  traceable  to  the  Italico-Keltic  Saturnian 
and  its  tripudic  rhythm  of  accentual  contrast,  and  not  to  any  supposed 
beginning  in  the  phenomena  of  prose. 

j8.     The  Hellenized  Tripudium 

2°.  The  Hellenizing  Saturnian  with  rhythmical  alternation  and  coinci- 
dence of  accent  and  ictus,  in  classic  Latin  poetry  and  its  imitations. 

The  tripudic  principle  lends  itself  readily  and  naturally  to  the  Greek 
structural  verse-beat,  because  any  one  of  the  tripudic  verse-beats  may 
function  as  quantitative  ictus.  Thus  all  classic  Latin  verse  is  but  the 
Protean  form  assumed  by  the  tripudic  dipody  or  distich,  exulting  now 
in  the  quantitative  and  ictual  refinements  of  Greek  metric.  The  artistic 
principle  of  the  literary  Saturnian  of  Livius  and  Naevius,  which  consisted 
in  the  rhythmical  alternation  and  coincidence  of  acute  and  grave  stress, 


Virum  mihi  Camena    insece  versutum, 
A-G     A-G  |  A-A-G°||A-0-G  |  A-A-G 

is  transformed  into  the  artistic  principle  of  the  classic  Saturnian  of  Ennius 
and  Vergil,  which  consisted  in  the  rhythmical  alternation  and  coincidence 
of  accent  and  ictus, 

i        i     |  i         W  '    W    J.    ||       i  ^  i      i      O    I    X      ±          * 

Musae  quae  pedibus  magnum  pulsatis  Olympum. 
(  i  i  i  i  i 

A-G    |    A_A-G||A-G     A-A-G|A-A-G 

If  we  indicate  thus  the  rhythmic  materia  above,  and  the  metric  regula 
below,  our  classic  Saturnian  assumes  the  following  forms:  — 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  13 

A.  Plautus, 

1  1         A     1    JU    |        1  1    ||      1      1     J.    I     >l    A 

Hos  quos  videtis  stare  hie  captivos  duos. 

A  -  A    A-A-G  |   A  -  A||  A-A-G|  A-G 

B.  Terence, 

vl_.-  1      1   j.  I  1       j.          ||   w  '  w   1        -I-          I   A   A 

Homo  sum  humani  nil  a  me    a  1  i  e  n  u  m  puto. 
I  II  ill 

A-G          A-A-G|A-G     ||     A-A-G     |  A-G 

C.  Ennius, 

i      A      |        i  W   '    W         J.      ||       i  -1.  ±         i     «,   I    A      I         i 

Musae  quae  pedibus  magnum  pulsatis  Olympum. 
ii  i  I  I  i 

A-G  |  A  -  A   -  G||  A  -  G     A-A-GJA-A-G 

Ennius'  versus  longus,  i.e.  Saturnius  longus. 

D.  Lucretius, 


Aeneadum   genetrix   hominum  divomque  voluptas. 
ii  i  ill 

A-A-G    |    A  -  G  ||  A  -  G    A-A-G|A-A-G 

E.  Vergil, 

1    *  4  i   .*  |4.i||  1  *  .  1    JL     w    X|i  * 
Arma  virumque  cano  Troiae  qui  primus  ab  or  is. 
I  I  III  I 

A-G  A-A-G  lA-Gll  A-G  A-A-O-G|A-G. 

F.  Catullus, 

wvs       JL    4>         1       *|iJ.||WW.fcWW       w      w   O 

Super  alta  vectus  Attis  celerijrate  maria. 
ii  ii  «i  i 

A  -  A-G    A-G  |  A-G  ||    A-G  I  A   -   A-G 


14  THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAN 

G.     Horace, 

ii^l^'w^iliw^liw^ 

Maecenas  atavis  edite    regibus. 
i          (  i      (  II 

A-A-G|    A-G°||A-O-G°|  A-O-G 

Sic  horridus  ille  defluxit  numerus  (predicative)  Saturnius,  et  grave  virus 
munditiae  pepulere  (drove  into  the  background). 

H.     Perwgilium  Veneris, 

i  i  A  i  i     |     vii^iii    &  i  .•.('  i  4  * 

Cras  amet  qui  numquam  aniavit  quique  amavit  eras  amet. 
ill  II  lit 

A- A-  G    A- A       i      A-A-G||  A  -  A  A-G|  A-A-G 

Quantitative  structure  is  maintained,  but  alternation  of  accent  and  ictus 
is  ignored. 

I.     Commodian, 

i    V,    *  |    ±  A    JL    ||    i          ^       W  '  W          i       W   *  |    i,    d. 

Inscia  quod  perit  pergens  deos  quaerere  vanos. 
•  lit  t  I 

A-O-G|  A  -  A-G||  A  -  G     A  -    A-O-G  |  A-G 

Alternation  of  accent  and  ictus  is  maintained,  but  quantitative  structure 
is  ignored. 

3°.  The  Hellenizing  Saturnian  with  thoroughgoing  coincidence  of 
accent  and  ictus,  in  Vulgar  Latin  poetry  and  Christian  hymnology. 

With  the  decline  of  the  aristocratic  learning,  quantity  and  its  accom- 
panying principle  of  alternation  of  accent  and  ictus  fell  more  and  more 
into  desuetude,  leaving  the  Hellenic  verse-beat  in  thoroughgoing  harmony 
with  the  Italico-Keltic.  Hence  the  universality  of  the  iambico-trochaic 
verse-form  and  the  substitution  of  acatalexis  in  place  of  the  favorite 
procatalexis  at  the  iambic  close: 

A.     Caesar's  Soldiers, 

±     w   J.          la,|4lA|lwlA|-lwA 

Gal  lias  Caesar  subegit,  Nicomedes   Caesarem. 
it  If  it  it 

A-O-G   A-G  |  A-A-G  ii  A-O-A-G0!   A-O-G 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  15 

B.  Hadrian, 

vlw'w^      w  '  w   C.   I      i       w    *  ||    i       -^        A      ±      *     |    1     w    J. 

Animula  vagula  blandula,  hospes  comesque  corporis. 
i  i  i          i  i  i  i         i 

A-A-G      A-G°|  A-O-GH  A-G    A-A-G°|  A-O-G 

C.  Hilarius, 

i    A       i     i    J.      |  1  wo||l-!.vLi^|i~^ 

Lucis  largitor  splendide  cuius  sereno  lumine. 
it  i  i         i          i          i       i 

A-G  A-A-G0 1      A-    O -G||  A-G  A-A-G°|  A-O-G 

D.  Ambrosius, 

ll*i.i.|lw.b|i.t      &  'JL-»fl   4  * 

Aeterne  rerum  conditor  noctem  diemque  qui  regis. 
ii  ill  i  i          » 

A-A-G  A  -  G°   A-O-G  ||  A-G     A-  A  -  G|  A  -  A  -G 

E.  Prudentius, 

i       i        •         ..   I    . ,  •    .     ..  II  l     J,      _   I  l,  1  . 


Da  per  plectrum  choreis  ut  canam    fidelibus. 
it  ill  i  i       i 

A-A      A  -  G  |       A  -    G  ||  A  -  A-  G  |  A-A-O-G 

F.  Fortunatus, 

1^1        ^liwi^lliw^liiw-u 

Pange  lingua   gloriosi   proelium  certaminis. 
l  l  (        i  II  II 

A-G  A-G°|  A-O-A-G°I|A-O-G|  A-A-O-G 

G.  Beda  Venerabilis, 

i  ^  vti^liw^lliioliwiw^. 

Hymnum  canentes  martyrum  dicamus  innocentium. 
A-G    A-A-G0 1  A-O-G  ||A-A-G°|  A-0-A-O-G 

4°.  The  Hellenizing  Saturnian  with  thoroughgoing  coincidence  of 
accent  and  ictus,  and  degeneration  of  ictus  into  syllable-counting  structure 
in  Romanic  and  modern  versification. 


1 6  THE  LITERARY  SATURXIAX 

Through  the  strength  of  Roman,  and  of  Irish  culture  at  the  extreme 
limit  of  the  Italico-Keltic  domain  in  the  Middle  Ages,  tripudic  rhythm 
harmonized  with  metrical  verse-beat  became  the  historical  source  and 
raison  d'etre  of  Romanic  and  modern  European  rhythm.  The  Italico- 
Keltic  accentual  principle  of  stress  contrast  is  its  essence,  or  materia  as 
Varro  would  say,  the  Hellenic  structural  principle  of  syllable-weighing 
verse-beat  its  measuring  rod,  or  regula,  which  fades  in  Romanic  verse  to 
mere  syllable-counting  structure.  The  inner  reconciliation  of  the  accen- 
tual and  structural  verse-beat  is  to  be  found  in  the  two-fold  principle  of 
contrast,  which  characterizes  the  Italico-Keltic  tripudium,  the  contrast 
of  single  stress  with  single,  and  the  contrast  of  double  stress  with  single. 

Accordingly,  the  origin  of  modern  accentual  rhythm  and  of  modern 
rhyme  is  to  be  traced  directly  to  the  Italico-Keltic  distich  or  Saturnian 
verse,  with  its  tripudic  rhythm  of  stress  contrast  in  the  foot  and  dipodic 
contrast  in  the  distich,  and  with  the  Hellenic  structural  verse-beat  as  an 
artificial  and  super-added  regulative  dress: — 

A.  The  Italian  Saturnian, 

i  (ii 

Nel  mezzo  del  cammin  di  nostra  vita. 
i  i  i  i  i 

A  -  A-G  |  A  -  A  -  A  ||  A-  A  -  G  |  A-G 

B.  The  French  Saturnian,  with  syllable-counting  verse-beat, 

i  ii  i 

Du  Dieu  qui  nous  crea  la  clemence  i  n  fi  n  i. 
I  III  ii 

A  -  A     A  -  A    |A-A||  A  -A  -  A    |A-O-A 

C.  The  English  Saturnian, 

i  ill 

Of  man's  first  disobedience  and  the  fruit. 
i  ill  i 

O-  A         A-A-O|A-O    ||  A  |    O  -  A 

D.  The  German  Saturnian, 


Ihr  naht  euch  wieder,  schwankende  Gestalten. 
i  i  ill 

A-A-A    |  A-O  ||      A-O-OO-A-O 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  17 

Italico-Keltic  accentual  contrast  and  Hellenic  syllable-counting  structure 
make  up  the  rationale  of  modern  European  rhythm.  And  so  we  may  say 
with  the  great  master: 


yap  tacos  apx'n  7raj>r6s,  tiairep  Ae-yerar   616  /cat 
oaa;  yap  uparLGTOv  Tr\  Swajuet,  TOCTOUTOJ  fjuKporarov  o 
kffnv  6<j)dr]vaL.      Taurus  d'evprj^kv^s  paov   TO  irpoar(.Qkvai   KO.L   (rvvavj;eLV   TO 
\OLTTOV  kariv. 

IV.      THE  SATURNIAN  OF  LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS. 

§1.  Aulus  Gellius  18.9.  5:  Ego  arbitror  et  a  M.  Catone  insecenda 
et  a  Q.  Ennio  insece  scriptum  sine  u  littera.  Offendi  enim  in  bibliotheca 
Patrensi  librum  verae  vetustatis  Livii  Andronici,  qui  inscriptus  est 
'Odv<T(T6La,  in  quo  erat  versus  primus  cum  hoc  verbo  sine  u  littera: 


Virum   mihi,    Camena,   insece   versutum, 

A-G     A-G  |    A-A-G0 1| A-O-G  |   A-A-G 

factus  ex  illo  Homeri  versu. 

Livius  thus  begins  his  translation  of  the  Odyssey  with  the  stateliest, 
most  restrained,  and  yet  most  harmonious  of  the  Saturnian  types. 
paracatalexis  and  acatalexis,  contrasted  with  the  sacred  keynote  of  pro_ 
catalexis.  In  like  manner,  Naevius  in  his  great  epic,  the  Bellum  Punicum . 

Novem     lovis     Concordes   filiae    sorores. 
A-G        A-G  |     A-  A-G°||A-O-GJA-A-G 

It  is  the  most  universal  of  all  Italic  types: 

The  Mummian  inscription,  C.  I.  L.  I.  541.  4  (Buecheler,  C.  L.  E.  I.  3) 

t    »  j 


Hanc    aedem    et    signu    Herculis    victoris. 
A  -    A-G    |  A-A-G0  ||    A-O-G  |  A-A-G 

The  Vow  of  the  Vertuleii,  C.  I.  L.  I.  1175.  3  (Buecheler  I.  4), 


Decuma    facta    poloucta    leibereis    lubetes. 
A  -  G      A-G  I  A-  A-G1   A-O-G   I  A-A-G 


i8  THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAX 

The  second  Scipionic  epitaph,  C.  I.  L.  I.  30  (Buecheler  I.  6), 


i        i    O  i   V  1      *     ]          11-^ 

Subigit     omne     Loucanam     opsidesque     abdoucit. 
A-G     A-G  |    A-A-G0  ||    A-O-A-G  [     A-A-G 

The  third  Scipionic  epitaph,  C.  I.  L.  I.  33.  5  (Buecheler  I.  7). 

^•wc,        i    ^         v*   *   w  1  X   J    i  w  J.         1    i    -i. 

Facile      facteis    superases    gloriam    maiorum. 
A  -  G     A-G    |     A- A-G°||    A-O-G  |   A-A-G 

This  instinctive  tripudic  contrast  between  paracatalexis  and  acatalexis, 
on  the  one  hand,  and  the  keynote  of  procatalexis,  on  the  other,  confronts 
us  in  the  germ  as  early  as  the  Song  of  the  Arval  Brethren  and  the  Salian 
hymns,  and  pervades  all  Italico-Keltic  rhythm  to  the  end  of  time : 

Carmen  Arvale  i, 

vl    J.        A   ^     I  A    1    O 

I 

Enos  Lases  iuvate. 
A-G   A-G  |  A- A-G 

Ibid.   2, 


Ibid.  4, 


Neve  luem  ruem  Marmar  sinas  incurrere  in  pleoris. 
A-G  A-G  |  A-G      A-G  ||A-G  A-  A-O-G  |  A  -A-G 


A  A  vr 


Semunis  alternei  advocabitis  conctos. 
A-A-G  |  A-A-G°||A-O-A-O-G|  A-  G 


Carmen  Saliare  i, 


Divom  lovem  patrem  canite,    divomdeo    supplicate. 
A-G      A-G  |  A-G        A-G    ||  A-G      A-G°|  A-O-A-G 

Appius  Claudius  i, 


Ne   quid   fraudis   stuprique   ferocia    pariat. 
A-G       A-GI  A-A-G  HA-A-0-Gl      A-G 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  19 

Ibid.  2, 

I  1  ^.  1  £  •  *  ||'-1  .  ^  •  i  «*  .+  |  4  «*  *  v  j. 
Amicum  cum  vides  obliviscere  miserias. 
A-A-G  A  -  A-G°i|A-O-A-0-G|  A-A-G 

Praeceptum  ex  antiquo  carmine,  Gellius  IV.  9, 

w     '     w    i        *  i    O  I  4,    i    -^       ||w'^wi      ^      I      i     vl   ^ 

Religentem  esse  oportet     religiosus    ne  f  uas. 
A-A-G    A-G|A-A-G°||     A  -  0-A-G  |   A-A-G 

Rusticum  vetus  carmen,  Macrobius  V.  20.  18, 

i      i      ^       ±   w   >H|i     J.    |i   i 

Hiberno  pulvere  verno  luto. 
A-A-G°|  A-O-GH  A-G|  A-G 

JL    wo|JLo||\L.Lo>i/.4. 

Grand!  a  farra  camille  metes. 

A-O-G  A-G  ||  A-A-G|  A-G 

Nutricum  Cantilena,  Schol.  ad  Persium  III.  16, 

i   j.    i  j.      i  .s.  ||  i      1   j.|    i    ±    j. 

Lalla    lalla     lalla  aut  dormi  aut  lacta. 

A-G    A-G  |  A-G  ||  A  -  A-G|  A  -  A-G 

It  is  the  abiding  motive  of  the  classic  rhythm  of  prose  and  verse: 

J,   i     .1.     |w     •     vx     i          *'"j    i   V.*  vliw^. 

Senatus  populusque  Romanus  Quiritium. 
A-A-G  |     A  -  A-  G   ||  A-A-G      A-A-O-G 


w 


Quousque  tandem  abutere    Catilina  patientia  nostra. 
A- A-G  |  A-G  ||    A-A-G  |    A-A-G||  A- A-  O-G|  A-G 

•      •  .,  I  •    . 


Arma  virumque  cano  Troiae  qui  primus  ab  oris. 
II  ill  • 

A-G  A-A-G  |  A-G||  A-G    A-A-O-G|A-G 

i       i^lw'^^lliwo     I   ±  w  J. 

Maecenas  atavis  edite    regibus. 
A  -  A  -  G  |    A  -  G°||  A-O-G0  |  A-O-G 


20  THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAN 

Thus  the  adoption  of  the  Hellenic  verse-beat  reversed  the  tripudic 
motive,  and  encouraged  the  paracatalectic  and  acatalectic  keynote  in 
place  of  the  original  procatalectic.  With  the  final  domestication  of  the 
Greek  verse-beat  in  Christian  times  the  reversal  is  thoroughgoing,  and 
paracatalexis  and  acatalexis  appear  normally  in  the  second  and  fourth 
tripudium,  where  of  old  procatalexis  reigned  supreme: 

1  1       1    O    Jw'w    *|     i    -S.  vlio  ±        w    A 

Rex  aeterne  domine    rerum  creator  omnium. 
i  i  ill  ill 

A-  A-A-G|    A-GHA-G    A-A-G°|A-O-G 

I-ij.lw'oloHAj.        1       O       W1    W    O. 

Apparebit  repentina  dies  magna  do  mini. 
itiiii  it 

A-O-A-GI  A-A-G  IIA-G  A-G    |    A  -  G 

But  meanwhile  in  far-off,  insulated  Ireland  the  original  Italico-Keltic 
Saturnian  has  not  yet  acquired  the  Hellenic  verse-beat: 
Fiacc's  Hymn  63, 

I    t       i  ii  i  i  i      i 

Anim  patraicc  friachorp  isiarsaethaib  roscarad. 
A-G  A-G    |  A-A-G1A-O-A-G  |  A-A-G 

Versiculi  Familiae  Benchuir  (ex  Antiphonario  Benchorensi,  ed.  Mura- 
torius  in  tomo  IV  Anecdotorum,  p.  156),  v.  4, 

i        vlio|ilo||iwio|ii* 

Spe  salutis  ornata  caritate  perfecta. 
A  -  A  A-G  |  A-A-G°|| A-O-A-GI  A-A-G 

With  reversal  of  the  order  of  the  two  dipodies: 
Fiacc's  Hymn  66, 

i         i       .«'.'.         '     .      '         • 

Connucabsat  imalle  dochum  n  i  s  u  maic  maire. 
A-O-A-G|  A-A-GH  A-G      A-G|  A-A-G 

Cf.    Italico-Keltic  Accent  and  Rhythm  §6,  p.  66. 

Thus  our  Italic  Saturnian  tradition  finds  a  rich  supplement  in  the 
Old-Irish  hymns  of  Fiacc  and  Ultan,  in  the  Bangor  Antiphonarium  and 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  21 

the  Liber  Hymnorum,  and  in  the  numerous  Latin  reproductions  of 
the  Keltic  Saturnian  by  St.  Augustine,  Bishop  Aldhelm,  Sedulius  Scotus 
St.  Boniface,  Hibernicus  Exul,  and  Dicuil.  Moreover,  all  Christian 
hymnology  besides  is  but  the  Italico-Keltic  Saturnian  with  its  tripudic 
verse-beat  in  thoroughgoing  harmony  with  the  iambico-trochaic  ictus 
of  hellenizing  art.  The  Saturnians  of  Livius  Andronicus  and  Naevius  are 
relatively  but  an  insignificant  and  mutilated  fraction  of  our  extant  tradi- 
tion; cf.  The  Sacred  Tripudium,  and  Italico-Keltic  Accent  and  Rhythm, 
Anderson  Brothers,  1909. 

§2.  Priscian  7.22:  Alia  vero  omnia  in  us  desinentia  masculina  seu 
feminina  con  versa  us  in  e  faciunt  vocativum:  hie  Priamus  O  Priame, 
pius  O  pie,  Myrtus  0  myrte,  Cynthius  0  Cynthie.  Excipitur  unum,  quod 
tarn  in  e  quam  in  i  facit  vocativum,  quamvis  sit  appellativum,  0  filie  et 
0  file.  Livius  Andronicus  in  Odissia : 


Pater  noster,   Saturni     filie. 

A-G     A-G     A-A-G°||A-0-G|     .      .      . 

The  fourth  tripudium  is  lacking.  The  type  is  the  same  with  v.  i  above 
§3.  Priscian  6.41 :  Haec  etiam  contra  rationem  supra  dictarum  regu- 
larum  declinantur:  puer  pueri,  cuius  femininum  puera  dicebant  anti- 
quissimi,  unde  et  puerpera  dicitur,  quae  puerum  vel  pueram  parit,  id  est 
puellam,  quod  est  diminutivum  puerae,  ut  capra  capella,  tenera  tenella, 
umbra  umbella.  Ovidius  etiam  hoc  approbat,  qui  in  V  Metamorpho- 
seon  de  puella  Proserpina  narrans  dicit: 

Tantaque  simplicitas  puerilibus  adfuit  annis, 

quod  derivativum  non  pertineret  ad  feminas,  nisi  etiam  puera  esset 
dictum,  quod  tamen  comprobat  etiam  Suetonius  diversos  ponens  usus 
in  libro,  qui  est  de  institutione  omciorum.  Livius  in  Odyssia: 

W*W        w'w*|       i  i^-lli        vt    ^       i*         w'w  1^ 

Mea  puera,  quid  verbi  ex  tuo  ore  supra  fugit? 
A         A  -  G  |  A  -  A-G  ||  A-A-G  A-G|     A  -  A-G 

The  native  accentual  rhythm  of  the  Romans  is  quite  indifferent  to 
hiatus,  despite  all  the  snobbish  protests  of  Hellenizing  propagandism. 
Hiatus  and  elision  are  vital  issues  only  in  structural  rhythm. 

When  we  take  into  consideration  the  fact  that  every  Saturnian  is  a 
distich  composed  of  two  tripudic  dipodies,  and  that  every  tripudium 
implies  a  stress  contrast,  we  realize  the  further  fact  that  every  individual 


22  THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAX 

Saturnian  is  a  legitimate  illustration  of  every  other.  Hence  we  might 
logically  forego  all  citation  of  illustrative  parallels.  For  the  sake, 
however,  of  clearness  and  cogency  of  exposition,  let  us  glance  from  time 
to  time  at  the  more  striking  analogies,  without  needless  concern  about 
accidental  variations  from  the  particular  type  under  immediate  con- 
sideration. In  citing  such  illustrations  we  shall  quote  first  the  Italic 
types  under  the  leadership  of  Livius  and  Xaevius,  and  then  the  Keltic 
types,  beginning  with  Fiacc's  Hymn  to  St.  Patrick  and  passing  to  the 
Latin  reproductions  of  the  Keltic  Saturnian  in  Ireland,  England,  and 
continental  Europe: 

ITALIC  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Naevius  47,  with  interchange  of  dipodies, 

11^.1          ^Iw's.iollvl-^Xvll^ 

Convenit  regnum  simul  atque  locos  ut  haberent. 
A-A-G  A  -G  |     A  -  A-G||A-G|A-A  A-G 

So,  ibid.  50, 

1       1          o        A       .*.       w'wi        *  ||  1     .1.   I    I     1   i 

Magnamque  domum  decoremque  ditem  vexarant. 
A  -  A  -   G  A-G    |    A  -  A  -  G  ||  A-G  |  A-A-G 

Epigram  of  Naevius  4, 

i     i    -S.    |      1  1       J.    I   ^  *  W     A.       1       J.      |  >!/    1    J. 

Obliti  sunt  Romae  loquier  lingua  Latina. 
A-A-G  |  A  -  A-G  ||    A  -  G  A  -  G    | A-A-G 

Gellius  VI.  9.  i :  Ex  antique  carmine, 

w  '  w    i       O       io|Ai^|iw'wv,i^|l       A    ^ 

Religentem  esse  oportet  religiosus  ne  fuas. 
A-A-G  A  -Gj  A  -A-GH    A-  O-A  -G  I A  -  A-G 

Appius  Claudius,  ap.  Fest.  317, 

w'w  i  ^  i  ij  i    i  *H  l  tt  *  |i  * 

Inimicus  si  es  commentus  nee  libens  aeque. 
A-A-G  A-A|  A -A-G  ||  A-A-G  |A-G 

Titulus  coquorum,  C.  I.  L.  XI.  3078  (Buecheler  C.  L.  E.  I.  2), 

1    ^  ' .,  JL       I  1 1  1  ...    II  i  i  ^  1  J,  1 


Gonlegium  quod  est  aciptum  aetatei  agendai. 
A-A-G      A   -  A  |  A-A-G  ||A-A-G|A-A-  G 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  .23 

Mummius  triumphator,  C.  I.  L.  I.  541  (Buecheler  I.  3), 


vl       1      ^         i      ±      J.  ||     i        J.  v^  '   W    -^          A     1          ^ 

Corinto  delete  Romam  redieit  triumphans. 
A-A-G|A-A-G||  A-G        A-G|   A-A-G 

The  Protymus  epitaph,  C.  I.  L.  X.  5282  (Buecheler  I.  8), 


Quoius  ingenium  declarat  p  i  e  t  a  t  i  s  alumnus. 

A-G  A-  A-G  IA-A-GII  A-A-G  IA-A-G 

KELTIC  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Fiacc's  Hymn  to  St.  Patrick,  v.  10, 


Conidfargaib  lagerman  andes  indeisciurt  letha. 
A-A-G  j  A-A-G  ||  A-G   A-  A  -  G|A-G 

Ibid.  v.  n, 


In  innsib  mara  torrian  ainis  innib  adrimi. 
A  -  A-G  |    A-A-G  ||A-G  A-G  |  A-A-G 


V.  18, 


Aratintarrad  ochloen  tuatha  herenn  dobethu. 
A-0-A-G|A-A-G||    A-G  A-G    |  A-A-G 

V.   19, 

'      .     '     .        '    *         .        '     '    .       '  • 

Tuatha  herenn  doairchntais  dosnicfed  sithlaith  n  u  a. 
A-G   A-G  |  A-A  -   G    ||  A-A-G  |  A-  G    |  A-G 

V.  65, 

'    .        '     '  '  '    '   .     '       .      '    . 

Intan  conhualai  patraic  adella  patraic  naile. 
A-G     A-A  -  G  |  A  -  G  ||A-A-G  A  -  G  I  A-G 


24.  THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAN 

LATIN  REPRODUCTIONS  OF  THE  KELTIC  SATURNIAX. 

Secundinus,  In  Laudem  Patricii,  Muratori,  Anecd.  IV.  p.  136, 
1  • 


Sanctumque  cuius  sequuntur  exemplum  m  i  r  i  fi  c  u  m. 
A  -  A  -  G   A-G  |  A-  A- G||  A-A -G     JA-A-G 

Ibid,  post  stropham  Z  (ab  alio  additum), 

•  1  w      o  ||  1  -i.     1      i  JL  I   i  w   j. 
Patricius  episcopus  oret  pro  nobis  omnibus. 
A  -  A  -  G  |  A-A-O  -  G  ||  A-G    A  -  A-G°|  A-  0-  G 

Hymnus  S.  Camelaci,  ap.  Muratorium,  Anecd.  IV.  p.  142,  v.  2, 


Camelaci    Cumiensis    dei    iusti    famuli. 
A-A-G1      A  -  A-G  ||  A-G  A-G  |     A-G 

Ibid.  v.  3, 


Exemplum  praebet  in  toto  fidelis  in  ope  re. 
A-A  -  G       A-G  | A-  A-G||A-A-G|  A  -  A  -G 

Aldhelmus,  ed.  Giles,  Oxon.  1844,  p.  113, 

Te,  te  herus  in  omnibus  clarum  creavit  in  actibus. 
A-A  -A    JA-A-O-GII  A-G     A-A-G  |  A  -  A-O  -  G 

Ibid., 

Curiose  conicere   mentis  atque  inspicere. 
A-O-A-G]    A-A-GH    A-G    A-G|A-    A-G 

St.  Augustine,  Psalmus  Abecedarius  contra  Donatistas,  \.   i 


Abundantia    peccatorum  solet  fratres  conturbare. 
A  -  A-O-G°I  A-O-A-G1  A-G    A  -  G°|  A-O  -  A-G 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  25 

Hymnus  in  S.  Comgillum,  ed.  Murat.,  Anecd.  IV.  p.  139, 

i     C,       A     i    I     1       w  '  w  i    ||  i       A  i      i    v*   I     i        w  ^ 

Apta  fide,  iustitia,  ad  dei  ducta  gaudia. 
A-G    A-G  |  A  -  A- G||  A- A-G  A-G°|  A-O-G 

§  4.  Priscian  7.18.  In  us  terminantia,  si  sint  propria,  i  ante  us  habentia, 
abiecta  us  faciunt  vocativum,  ut  hie  Vergilius,  O  Vergili,  hie  Sallustius, 
O  Sallusti,  hie  Pompeius,  0  Pompei  haec  tamen  eadem  etiam  in  e  profere- 
bant  antiquissime,  O  Vergilie,  Mercurie  dicentes.  Livius  Andronicus 
in  Odissia : 

w'w         wr'w        i       I|i       i  ||      i  1       JL      w*|i        J- 

Neque  enim  te  oblitus  sum,  Laertie  noster. 
A         A      A-A|A-G  |  A  -  A   A-O-G]  A-G 

ITALIC  ILLUSTRATIONS. 
Cf.  Livius  10, 

Tumque    remos   iussit    r  e  1  i  g  a  r  e    struppis. 
A-G    A-G  |A-G||    A  -  A-G|      A-G 

V.    22,    1-2, 

i      o      1   j.      ±i||iwo|ili 

Namque  nullum   peius   macerat  humanum 

A  -  G     A-G    |A-G°||  A-O-G  |    A-A-G 


Quamde  mare  saevom  vires  cui  sunt  magnae. 

A-G  A- G|  A-G   ||  A-G    A  -  A    |   A-G 

V.  27, 

1  1  ...  K, »  ^  j_  II  »     J,  .     i.  1  _. 


o   & 
Topper  facit  homines  ut  prius  fuerunt. 

A-G    A-G  |     A -G|| A- A-G | A-A-G 

Naevius  38,  2, 

Magnum    stuprum    populo    fieri    per    gentes 

A-G        A  -  G    |     A  -  G    ||    A  -  G|   A  -  A-G 


26  THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAN 

V.  44, 

±    w     ...      |w'w      *      j     ±     *     ||  i  w    .*.    |    J,   .s. 

Septimum   decimum  annum   ilico  sedent. 
A-O-G    j    A  -  G     |  A-G°  IIA-O-G  |  A-G 

V.  62, 


Atque   prius   pariet   lucusta  Lucam  bovem. 
A-G    A-G  I    A  -G||  A-  A-G     A-G    |  A-G 

Mummius  triumphator,  3,  C.  I.  L.  I.  541  (Buecheler  I.  3), 

xl  1   O          1         w  »  w     I      i    .8.     ||     >L  1          i    -^         iw-U 

Ob   hasce   res  bene   gestas  quod    in    bello    voverat 
A  -  A-G     A  -    A     |  A-G    ||  A  -    A     A-G°|  A-O-G 

KELTIC  ILLUSTRATIONS. 
Place's  Hymn  i, 

I  •  ii  i         i  i     i 

Genair  patraicc  innemthur  ised  atfet  hiscelaib. 
A-G      A-G     |A-A  -  G  ||  A-GA-G     A-  A-G 

V.    16, 
i  1111  ii  it 

Roclos  cian  son  agarma  macraide  caille  fochlad. 
A-G       A  -  A  |  A-A-  G||    A-A-G     A-G|  A  -  G 

V-  33, 

i  lit  i  ill 

Pridchad  soscela  docach   dognith  morferta  lethu. 
A  -  G     A-A-G   A-G     ||  A-G        A-A-G|  A-G 

KELTIC  SATURNIANS  IN  LATIN. 

Secundinus,  In  Laudem  Patricii  6, 


Cuius    opera   refulgent   clara  inter        homines. 
A-G      A  -  G  I  A-A-G   II  A-G  A-G  I     A  -  G 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  27 

• 

V.  8, 


Unde  et  in   caelis  patrem  magnificant  dominum. 
A-G    A-A[A-G||     A          A    A-G       A-G 

Versiculi  Familiae  Benchuir,  Mural.  Anecd.  IV.  156,  v.  5, 


Navis  nunquam  turbata  quamvis  fluctibus  tonsa. 
A-G     A-G     |  A -A-G  ||   A2-G°    A-O-G  |  A-G 

Memoria  Abbatum  Nostrorum,  ap.  Am.  Peyron  in  Cic.  orat. 
tragm.  ined.,  p.  225 :  Strophe  I,  v.  4, 

1  ±wij.w'vJ.||iij.  Ij-iwJ. 

Quos  convocavit  dominus  caelorum  regni  sedibus. 
A  -    A-O-A-G  |    A  -  G  ||  A-A-G     A-G°|  A-O-G 

§5.     Nonius  Marcellus  II.  214,  De  Generibus  Vasorum  et  Poculorum: 
Polybrum,  quod  Graeci  xtPVL&ov,  nos  trulleum  vocamus.    Livius: 


i      i 


I    i 


-i.    -i.     J.  ||  JL  w  A 

Argenteo  polubro  aureo  eclutro. 
A-  A  -  O-G  |  A-A-G0 1| A-O-G |  A-A-G 

Nonius  goes  on  to  quote  from  Fabius  Pictor  an  interesting  old  sacral 
formula,  which  exhibits  the  tripudic  dipody  or  Numerus  Italicus  in  a 
transitional  stage  preparatory  to  its  expansion  into  the  distich  or 
Saturnian: 

•I     J.  w'wJ-|w'wio          vl-t 

Aquam  manibus  pedibusque  dato, 
A-G         A-G  |      A-A-G  A-G 

Polubrum  sinistra  manu  teneto, 
A-A-G    A-A-G  I  A-G  A-A-G 


Dextera  vasum  cum  aqua. 
A-O-G   A-G  |    A  -A-G 

Such  unexpanded  tetrapodies  represent  the  most  primitive,  undif- 
ferentiated  type  of  the  Saturnian. 


28  THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAN 

ITALIC  EXAMPLES. 
Literary: 

Livius  9, 

1        x!/o|iw'w-S.||lxL-S-|i        1         J. 

In  Pylum  adveniens  aut  i  b  i  ommentans. 
A-A-G  |  A-A-G  ||  A-A-GI  A-A-G 

Ibid.  22,  3, 

i    j.  I  i     i     A.    ||  i    _  i    j.  |  i  j. 

Topper  confringent  importunae  undae. 

A-G  |  A- A  -G°||A-0-A-G  |A-G 

V.  32, 

^  »  w    v*       I      11      i||      i      J.   I     i     i     J. 

Quoniam   audivi    paucus  gavisi. 
A-G    |  A-A-G ||   A-G|  A-A-G 

V.  41, 


Puerarum  manibus  confectum  pulcherrime. 
A-A-G|     A- G|  A-A-G  |  A- A-O-G 

Naevius  3,  3, 

1  w  i  *  |  1  w  a.  1 1  w   *    j  1      -^ 

Immolabat  auream  victimam  pulchram. 

A-O-A-G°|  A-O-G0 1|  A-O-G   |    A  -  G 

Ibid.  20,  2, 

vti      w^lsLi^Hi       i      o|i      1^. 

Bicorpores  gigantes  magnique  Atlantes. 
A-A-O-Gj  A-A-G  ||  A -A-G  |  A-A-G 

V.   23, 

i     ss  •  v/     .s.     I    w  (  w      J.    II   i    i     «.    I  A   i   J. 

I  M  I 

Silvicolae  homines  bellique  inertes. 
A-A-G|     A-G  ||  A-A-G  |  A-A-G 

V.3o, 

i        iu.liij.Hlij.li*. 

Res  divas  edicit,  praedicit  castus. 
A  -  A-G  |  A-A-G  ||  A  -A-G  |  A-  G 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  29 

V.  38, 

i       ±     J.      |     i     w    J.         ||     i      1     W    J.        I      J,    J. 

Sin  illos  deserant  fortissimos  viros. 
A-A-G°|A-O-G  ||  A- A-O-G  |  A-G 

V.   46, 

A      ±      w   .1.  |     i         1         A     |  i    W    A  j   W  »  W      1      O. 

Superbiter  contemptim  content  1  e  g  i  ones. 
A-A-O-G  |  A- A -G°  ||  A-O-G  |      A -A-G 

V.  48,  2-3, 

w'w      w  '  w  -s.  |     i    i   J.   ||     iwJ.       i      J. 

Reconciliat  captives  plurimos  idem. 
A   -   A-G  |  A-A-G°||  A-O-G  |A-G 

w'wwi     j.|i±o||iwj.±±      j. 
Sicilienses  paciscit  obsides  ut  reddant. 
A  -  0  -A  -  G   |A-A-G°||  A-O-G  |  A- A  -  G 

V.   51, 

Onerariae  onustae  stabant  in  flustris. 
A  -A-O-G  |  A-A-G||  A-G   |  A -A-G 

V-  53, 

i  --I-J-        >tj.||liM/|>tj. 

Quod  bruti  nee  satis  sardare  queunt. 
A-   A-G|  A-A-G||A-A-G[   A-G 

V.  60, 


Quianam  Saturnium  populum  pepulisti. 
A  -  G  |  A-A-O-G  II    A  -  G  |    A  -  A  -G 

Epigramma  Naevii  i, 

i         -i^jii^lliA^liiv* 

Immortales  mortales  si  foret  fas  flere. 
A-O-A-GI  A-A-G||A-A-G|  A-A-G 


THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAN 
Carmen  Saliare  2, 

w'w        4    J.    {    l'w»W*j|      1          ±      |     J,        1    -^ 

Quome  tonas,  Leucesie,  prae  ted  tremonti 

A  -  A-G  |  A  -  A  -  G  II  A  -  A  I  A  -  A-G 

Martius  Vates   i, 


Ibid.    3, 


Postremus  dicas  primus  taceas. 
A-A-G|  A-GH  A-G        A-G 


Quamvis  noventium  duonum  negumate. 
A  -  G  |  A-A-O-G  ||  A  -  G    |     A  -  A-G 

Versus  Sacrorum: 

Servius  in  Aen.  VIII,  72, 

Adesto  Tiberine  cum  tuis  undis. 
A-A-G  |      A-A-GH    A -A-G  |  A-G 

Incantatio. 

Varro  de  L.  L.  VI,  21, 

vi,         i        I      A      i    ||      1      J.         I     1    J. 

Novum   vetus   vinum   bibo, 

A-G  |  A -G||  A-G   |  A-G 

vl^lw'^^lll^l^'^-^ 

Novo  v  e  t  e  r  i  morbo  m  e  d  e  o  r . 
A-G|    A-  G||  A-G  |     A  -  G 

Praecepta : 

Macrobius,  Sat.  V.  20,  18, 

Hiberno    pulvere  verno  luto, 
A-A-G°|    A-O-GII  A-G  |  A-G 

i  ^    O    |   i      O  ||    A     i    O        vl,     J. 

G  r  a  n  d  i  a   farra  camille  metes. 
A  -  0-G|A-G||A-A-G|A-G 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  31 

Appius  Claudius   2, 


Amicum  cum  vides  obliviscere  miserias. 
A-A-G  |  A-  A-G°||A-O-A-O-G|  A-  A  -G 


Ibid.    3, 


w  '  ^       ^    I  A    ^  ||     1 

Faber  est  suae  quisque  fortunae. 
A    -   G|A-G||  A-  G  |  A-A-G 


Versus  An  tiquus: 
Ex  Festo  333, 


Occursatrix  artificum  perdita  spinturnix. 
A-O-A-G|A-  A-G°||A-O-G|  A-A-G 


Epigraphic  : 

Carmen  Arvale  4, 


Semunis  alternei  advocabitis  conctos. 
A-  A-  G  |A-A-G°||A-O-A-O-G|  A  -  G 


Ibid.  6, 


Triumpe  Triumpe 
A-A-G    I   A-A-G 


J,  • 


A  • 


Triumpe  Triumpe. 
A-A-G    j  A-A-G 

The  Praenestine  Jewel-boxes,  C.  I.  L.  XIV.  4094  ff., 


1.  DindiaMacolnia    filiai    dedit. 

A  -  0-G|    A  -  A  -O-G1  A-0-G|  A-G 

^.'w.'i'|        1      --=-111         1      *|±    * 

2.  Novios  Plautios  med  Romai  fecid. 

A  -  G°     A  -  0-G  ||  A  -  A  -  G   A-G 


32  THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAN 

The  Faliscan  Cooks,  C.  I.  L.  XI.  3078, 

1         A          JLJiiw-l-IIAic/liiA 

3.       Quei  soueis  argutieis  opidque  Volgani 
A  -A-G|  A-A-O-G||A-A-G|  A-A-G 

11.    L II    1       I  .   ...   1    1 


.1       W   '    W       .1.         I  J.    J.    W 

4.  Gondecorant  saipisume  comvivia  loidosque. 

A-A-G    1  A-A-O-GH  A  -  A-O-Gj  A-A-G 

Aj.i|Ai.».||iw.-iwj.!i 

5.  Ququei  hue  dederunt  imperatoribus  summis. 

A-G-A   |  A-A-G°||A-O-0-A-0-G|  A-G 

w' w    '   •  I  A  '   •   llw' w    A  j.  I  J    »    • 

—  i  ii  i 

6.  Utei  sesed  lubentes  bene  iovent  optantes. 

A  -  A  -  G|  A-A-G  ||  A  -  A  -  G  |  A-A-G 

The  Mummian  Inscription,  C.  I.  L.  I.  541, 

i  i     *      |  1        1  *  ||       1  W  .1.  |  i   i  J. 

4.     Hanc  aedem  et  signu  Herculis  victoris. 
A-A-G    A-A-G1  A-O-G|A-A-G 

The  First  Scipionic  Inscription,  C.  I.  L.  I.  32, 

i    i*|iw*Bi'i^*ii* 

i.     Hone  oino  ploirume  cosentiont  Romai 
A  -  A-G°  A-O-G  ||  A-A-O-G    A  -  G 


2.     Duonoro  optumo  fuise  viro 
A-A-G°|A-0-G||A-A-G|A-G 


3.     Luciom  S  c  i  p  i  o  n  e  filios  Barbati. 
A-O-G0     A  -  0-A-G°i|A-O-G|  A-A-G 


5.     Hec    cepit    Corsica    A  1  e  r  i  a  q  u  e    urbe. 
A  -  A-G°    A-O-G0  il     A  -  O-A  -  G      A-G 


6.     Dedet  Tempestatebus  aide  mereto. 
A-G°     A-O-A-O-GHA-Gl    A-G 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  33 

The  Elogium  of  Atilius  Calatinus,  ap.  Cic.  Cat.  Mai.  17.    61, 

1.  Unicum  plurimae  consentiunt  gentes 
A-O-G°|  A  -  O-  G  ||  A-  A-O-  G  |  A  -  G 

2.  Populi  primarium    fuisse  virum. 

A-  G  |  A-A-O-GH  A-A-G|  A-G 

The  Second  Scipionic  Elogium,  C.  I.  L.  I.  30, 

i.     Cornelius  Lucius    Scipio  Barbatus. 
A-A-O-G°|A-O-G°||  A -O-GJ  A-A-G 

i  ±     V,     J.|       1     i     J.       ||         I  V^J.  i     J. 

5.     Taurasia   Cisauna  S  a  m  n  i  o    cepit. 
A  -  A-O-G|  A-A-G1  A  -  O-G  |  A-G 

The  Fourth  Scipio,  C.  I.  L.  I.  34, 

i  *  |  w*%r    1    w  A|    1   •!    •   |  '1  £  * 

1 .  Magna    sapientia   multasque   virtutes 

A-G|       A-A-O-GH  A-A-G  |  A-A-G 

1    ±    O  |        i  i    -1.     ||  1    ^    O    I     i        1       J. 

2.  Aetate  quom  parva  posidet  hoc  saxsum. 
A-A-G]    A-    A-G°||A-0-G|   A-A-G 

The  Protymus  Epitaph,  C.  I.  L.  X.  5282, 
A     • .      L    I    I.       L    II     »        • 


2.     Ameiceis  summa  qum  laude    probatus 

A-  A-  G    A  -  G    ||  A  -  A-G  |  A  -  A-G 


4.       Gaius    Queinctius   Valgus   patronus. 
A-G°|     A-  O-G  ||  A-G  |  A-A-G 

The  Epitaph  of  Eurysaces,  C.  I.  L.  I.  1013, 


i.     Est  hoc  monimentum  Marcei  Vergilei 
A  -  A  |     A-   A-G   ||    A-G  I  A-A-G 


34  THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAX 

Iw'wJ-lliillw1^         i   O    I  i     1   -^ 

2.     Eurysacis  pistoris  redemptoris:  apparel. 
A- A-G|  A-A-GH    A        A-G    A-A-G 
KELTIC  EXAMPLES. 
Fiacc's  Hymn, 

'       '      .     |     '       '      .  ||    '     '       .    |    »    '  . 
4.     Mace  alpuirn  maic  otide  hoadeochain  odissi. 
A-A-G    |    A  -  A  -  G||   A  -  A  -  G  |  A-A-G 

1     '   •    I  '    '  •  II  '       '          •  I    '  • 

38.     Fosrolaic  intarmchosal  isinmorchute  nisei. 
A-A-G   |  A-A-O-G  ||  A-  A-O-G  [  A-G 

1     '    -  I  '        '  •     II '  '  •  I  '    • 

42.     Nicreitset  infirdeacht  innatrinoite  fire. 

A-A-G°|A-O-A-G°||A-O-0-A-G  |  A-G 

•         '  I  '      '      •  II  f     '  .  I  '    *  . 
64.     Aingil  de  icetaidchi  aridfetis  cenanad. 

A-G  -  A  |  A-O-A-G||A-A-G  |  A-A-G 

LATIN  REPRODUCTIONS  OF  THE  KELTIC  SATURNIAN. 

Hymnus  S.  Columbae,  Liber  Hymnorurn,  Fasciculus  ii.  p.  205 
Strophe  A,  v.  5, 


Coaeternus  in  gloria  deitatis  perpetua. 
A-A-G|A  -  A  -O-G|     A  -A-G  |   A-  A-G 

Strophe  B,  v.  2, 


Principatuum  ac  sediurn  potestatum  virtutium. 
A-  O-A-O-G  |  A  -  A  -O  -  G'  ||     A  -A  -  G  |  A  -A-O-G 

Ibid.  v.  4, 


Trinitatis  in  omnibus  largitatis  muneribus. 
A-O-A-GI  A-  A-O-G0  1|  A-O-A-G|   A  -  A  -  -  G 

V.6, 

1      1     w   J.   |    1   w  '  w    C/  ||  1     w'wJ-|iwfw      O 

Ostenderet  magnopere  possibili  fatimine. 
A  -  A-O-G|A  -  A  -  G  ||  A  -  A  -  G|  A  -  A  -  G 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS 


35 


Strophe  C,  v.  2, 

1   ^   i   vi,|    i       i     w  -l.  || 

Claritate  praefulgoris  venustate  speciminis. 
A-O-A-G)  A- A-O-GII     A  -  A-G|    A-  A   -  G 

Ibid.  v.  5, 


Auctoris  cenodoxiae  pervicacis  invidiae. 
A-A-G|    A-A-O-G°||    A-O-A-G|  A- A  -  G 

V.  6, 

Ceteris   remanentibus  in  suis  principatibus. 
A-O-Gj    A  -  A-O-G||A-A-G°|  A-O-A-O-G 

Strophe  D,  v.  5, 
i        • 


Locorum  infernalium  diversorumque  carcerum. 
A-A-G  [A-O-A-O-GIA-O-O-A  -  G  |  A-O-G 

Strophe  F,  v.  2, 

i__l    ^    |  i    w  j.  Hi   i  *  |  i    _i^^. 

Collaudaverunt   angeli   factura  praemirabili. 

A-O-O-A-G0  |A-O-G||A-A-G°  A-O-A-O-G 

Strophe  H,  v.  3, 


i  w  J,  w  JL  V 


Globo  invisibilium  turbido  perduellium. 
A-G°|A-O-O  -  A-  G°||A-O-G°|  A-O-A-O-G 

Strophe  I,  v.  2, 

A      A     |        i        _wiwo||iw'w-i.|i         i   w      ^ 

Tribus   profundioribus   oceani   dodrantibus. 
A-G°|    A-O-O-A-O-GUA  -  A  -  G|  A  -  A-O-G 

Ibid.  v.   5, 

^  '  w   i     J.    I  i     w  '  w  J.  ||  i     i    J.    I    i_     i   w      J. 

Agitatae  flaminibus  tesauris    emergentibus. 
A-A-G|A  -  A-G||A-A-G°|  A-O-A-O-G 


36  THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAN 

Strophe  K,  v.  5, 


w 


Cocytique  charybdibus  strangulati  turgentibus. 
A-O-A-GI    A-A-O-G0!!     A-     O-A-Gl  A- A-O- G 

Strophe  M,  v.  5, 

i    _    i  w  ^  1 1   i  w  ...  ||  w '  w   *  |  i  :.  w  •  w  * 

Promontoriis  et  rupibus  solidis   fundaminibus. 
A -O -A-O-G|A-A-O-G||     A  -  G°|   A-O- A-G 

Strophe  P,  v.  6, 

iv^lw'w  —   i     w      .s.    ||    i     w'v     J.  I  i        i     wJ- 

Cuius  inenarrabiles  deliciae  ac  fertiles. 
A-G°|     A-O-A-O-GH  A  -  A  -  GIA -A-O-G 

Strophe  R,  v.  3, 


Diesque  mirabilium  tonitruorum  fortium. 
A-A-G°|  A-O- A-G°||    A-  O-A-G°|    A-O-G 

Strophe  S,  v.  2, 

1-1      *  |  i      i    w    J.  H  w  •  w  1      *      1 1  1  w    A 

Reddemusque  de  omnibus   rationem  effectibus. 
A -O-A -G|A-A-O-G||     A- A-G      A-A-O-G 

Ibid.  v.  4, 

A      1      «,    |    ±  wiw^llw*^      1       A     I  ±      ^  V    * 

Librosque   conscientiae   patefactos  in   facie. 
A-A-G°|  A  -  O-A-O-GH     A  -  A  -  G  IA  -   A-G 

V.6, 

1      1      ^Iw'^iw^ilw'wi^liw'w^ 

Subtracta    necessaria    operandi    materia. 
A-A-G|      A  -  A-O-G  ||     A  -A-G  |  A -A-G 

Strophe  T,  v.  5, 

w'w       1         o|i          w       wlwvK        II   A   i         C/         l^'s^iw        i 

I  I'  I 

Animabus  a  e  t  h  e  r  i  a  1  i  b  u  s    eisdem  obeuntibus. 
A  -  A-G°|  A  -  O-O-A-O-G    ||A-A-G     I    A-A-O-G 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  37 

Strophe  V,  v.  2, 


±   w   i    J.   I        i      w  '    w   J.  ||   i     i     J.      I         i   w    i     w   .i. 

Derelicto  V  i  r  g  i  1  i  o  astrorum  splendidissimo. 
A-O-A-GI     A  -  A  -  G II  A  -A  -  G°  |      A-O-  A-O-G 

Strophe  X,  v.  3, 

1        1       *  |     i     w       i     w    J.     ||      w   i      J.      I        1       w   i    w.     J. 

Tactisque  luminaribus  duobus  principalibus. 
A -A-G°|  A-O-A-O-G  ||   A-A-G°|    A-O-A-O-G 

Strophe  Y,  v.  i, 


Hymnorum  cantionibus  sedulo  tinnientibus. 
A  -  A-  G°  |    A  -  O- A-O-G0 1|  A  -O-G°|   A  -  O-A-  O  -  G 

Ibid.  v.  3, 


Quatuorque  plenissimis  animalibus  oculis. 
A-O-A-GI  A- A-O -G||     A-A-O-G|    A-G 

V.6, 

»       i 


-L     J.      j.    |    w  '  w     w'w-S.||iwJ.|J._.iwJ. 

Laudatur  tribus  vicibus  Trinitas  eternalibus. 
A  -A-G      A    -    A  -G°||  A-O-G0  A-O-A-O-G 


Strophe  Z,  v.  5, 


Dignitatum  pro  meritis  praerruorum  perpetuis. 
A-O-A-G  |  A  -  A-G°||  A-O-A-G  |   A-  A-  G 

Ibid.  v.  6, 


Permansuri  in  gloria    a  seculis  in  gloria. 
A-O-A-G|  A  -  A-O-G  ||  A  -A-O-G  |  A  -A-O-G 

Post   stropham  Z,   v   2, 

^'^1^.     |  i   i   w      J-    ||    i   w     i     *    I    i      ~«w     ^ 

Variatis  insignibus   veritatis  ordinibus 
A  -A-G   IA-A-O-G1  A-O-A-GI  A  -  A  -  G 


38  THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAN 

Sancti  Venite,  Liber  Hymnorum,  Fasciculus  i.  43  f.: 
Strophe  8,  v.  2, 

Sumant  aeternam  salutis  custodiam. 
A-G    | A-A-G  ||  A-A-G  |  A-A-O-G 

Strophe  9,  v.  2, 

Vitae  perennis  largitur  credentibus. 
A-G|  A-A-G  ||  A -A-G  |  A-A-O-G 

Strophe  10,  v.  2, 

i      i      o      i   J.  ||       i     i     |  w  '  w   i   w       J. 

De  fonte  vivo  praebet  sitientibus. 

A-A-G|A-G||     A-G  |    A-A-O-G 

Strophe  n,  v.  2, 


Venit,  venturus  iudicare    homines. 

A-G  |   A-A-G°||  A-O-A-G  |      A   -    G 

Noli  Pater,  Liber  Hymnorum,  Fasciculus  ii: 
V.n, 

vti         *  - 1    1      i      *    I     1        _      i     ^    I     w  «  w     ^ 

Johannem  baptizam  praecursorem  domini. 
A-A-G     A-A-G1  A-O-A-GI     A-G 

Hymnus    S.  Patricii   Magistri    Scotorum,    The   Antiphonary   of 

Bangor,  Ed.  Warren,  Pt.  II.  p.  14  ff.: 
Strophe  3,  v.  2, 


»,        •  .      ,    •      .,  II  •      » 


i     t 


Super  quern  aedificatur  ut  Petrum  ecclesia. 
A-G-    A    |  A-O-O-A-GH  A- A  -  G    |  A-A-O-G 

Strophe  9,  v.  3, 

Quibus  erogat  ut  panes  verba  evangelic  a. 
A    -A-O-G   | A  -  A -G||  A-G°|A-O  -  A-  G 
Ibid.  v.  4, 

Et  cuius  multiplicantur  ut  manna  in  manibus. 
A-A-G0!  A-O-O-A-G  ||A-A-G|A-A-G 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  39 

Strophe    18,   v.    2, 


1      ±    o  ||  w  '  w  ±    i          1    s/' 


Salvatorisque  in  carne  Deitatem  pervidet. 
A-O-O-A-G|A-A-G||    A-A-G°|A-O-G 

Strophe  21,  v.  4, 

Innumeros  de  zaboli  absolvit  dominio. 
A-  A  -  G|A-A-0-G||A-A-G  |  A  -  A-G 

Strophe  23,  v.  7, 

1        w'will       s-lll         J.      11 

—      I         ""  ^™         II        ™"  —  ^ 

P  a  t  r  i  c  i  i    laudes   semper   dicamus. 
A    -  A-G|   A -G||  A  -  G  |  A-A-G 

Ibid.  v.  8, 

Ut  nos  cum  illo  semper  vivamus. 

A  -  A  |  A-A-GHA-G  |  A-A-G 

Hymnus  inNatali  Martyrum,  Antiphonary  of  Bangor,  Warren  II.  12: 
Strophe  i,  v.  i, 

^1*5   i   .        .M  .     II      • 


Sacratissimi  martyres  summi  Dei. 
A-A-O-G°  A-  O-G  II  A  -  G    A-G 


Ibid.  v.  2, 


Bella  tores  fortissimi  Christi  regis. 
A-O-A-G|A-A-O-G||    A-G|A-G 

V.  3, 

ww-L\~>.±.]\i/    —  ||  —   —  x_/    .^   |  v!>  -i. 
Potentissimi  duces  exercitus  Dei. 
A-A-O-GI  A-GHA-A-O-G  |  A-G 

V-  4, 

11     ^|1       i'a.  ||4r*|     A   i    * 

Victores  in   caelis   Deo   canentes. 
A-A-G|A  -A-G||A-G|   A-A-G 


40  THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAX 

Hymnus  S.  Comgilli  Abbatis  Nostri,  Antiphonary  of  Bangor  II.  16: 
Exordium,  v.  6, 

Ab  angelis  custodita  permansura  in  saecula. 
A  -A-O-G0  A-O- A-G°||  A  -  O-A-G  | A- A-O-G 
Strophe  3,  v.  i, 

i          i  J.         |          i          wlw.S.i|w'wi-^j  li^i 

Contemptum  mundialium  voluntatum  praesentium. 
A-A-G0  |     A-O- A-O-G  ||      A-A-G)     A-A-O-G 
Ibid.   v.   2, 

Vitiorum  firmissimum  infirmos   devastantium. 
A-A-G  |  A-A-O-G  ||  A-A-G0  |  A-O-A-O-G 
Strophe  6,  v.   2, 

Rutilantis   meridie    fidei   claritudine. 
A  -  A-G  |   A-A-O-GH    A -G°| A-O- A-O-G 

Ibid.  v.  4, 

i     i      -i.    |    i      wlwJ-||lw'wJ.|       i      w'wc/ 

Confidens  sanctimoniae  praecipuo    muni  mine. 
A-A-G°|  A-O-A-O-GH  A- A-G|    A-A-G 
Strophe  n,  v.  i, 

i        w      J.      I  w  «  w     ±     w   J.    ||       i       w  '  w     *    I  i  1       ^     O 

Lampadem  sapientiae  constituit  in  pectore. 

A-O-G  |    A  -A-O- G||  A  -  A  -  G|  A  -  A-O-G 
Strophe  13,  v.  2, 

w'w  li|lw'wo||l__ij.  1^0 

Monachorum  militibus  anchoretarum  sensibus. 

A    -   A-G    |  A  -  A  -  G°||  A-O-O-A-G0]  A-O-G 
Strophe  20,  v.  3, 

Comitaturus    agmina    angelorum  praecipua. 
A-0-A-G0|  A-O-G0 1|  A-O-A-G  |    A   -    A-G 

Strophe  21,  v.  4, 

1        i          0          w  '  w     i     w         J.'||Iwi.a.|i±w.s. 

In  sanctum  habitaculum  Trinitatis  lectissimum. 
A  -  A  -  G   I    A  -  A-O  -  G°||  A-O-A-G  |  A-A-O-G 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  41 

In  Memoriam  Abbatum  Nostrorum,  Antiphonary  of  Bangor,  Warren 

II-   33: 

Strophe   i,  v.   2, 

1    w  1*|A  iw...|  1  -,  J,*j  i  i  V* 

Benchorensi  in  optima  fundatorum  ecclesia. 

A-0-A-G|A-A-O-G°||  A-O-A-G|   A-A-O-G 

The  virile  strength  of  this  Old-Irish  culture  in  the  early  Middle 
Ages  is  evidenced  by  the  occasional  emergence  of  the  Keltic  Saturnian 
in  England  and  on  the  Continent: 

Aldhelmus,  Giles,  Oxon.  1844,  p.  113: 


Salutatis  supplicibus  Ethelwaldi  cum  vocibus. 
A-A-G|    A  -A  -G||     A  -  A-G|   A  -  A-O-G 

Bonifatius,  Carmina,  ed.  Diimmler,  p.  18  (Monum.  German.  Histor. 
Poetae  Latini  Aevi  Carolini  I.  i): 

III.  v.  4, 

1      1      j-lw'Cw'wJ.Hlw      i      j.    |1        i      w     ^ 

Prophetae  apostolicis  consonabunt  et  laudibus. 
A-A-G|    A  -  A-G°    A-O-A-G  |  A-A-O-G 

Hibernicus  Exul,  Carmina,  ed  Diimmler,  p.  399  f. : 

IV.  v.   2, 

1      I    w  *  }    1   w   *  B    JL       ±    *  |  A  i  w  .s. 

Ad  Caesaris    splendidum  nunc  perge  palatium. 

A-A-O-G0|    A-O-G  |!   A  -  A  -  G|  A-A-O-G 


wJL.*.w'w.!.||Ai«,|Iw'w.l. 

Gloriosis  pueris  sacrisque  virginibus. 
A-O-A-GI     A-G|  A-A-G  I  A-A-G 

v.  10, 

i       ij.|llwJ.||llo|lw'wJU 

Confortet,  custodiat,  dilatet  imperium. 

A  -  A  -  G  |  A-A-O-GH  A-A-G|  A-A-G 
v.  17. 

i         1*     W        J.     |     A     1    J.    ||      ±  1      J.      |      i     i     W      -S. 

Regalibus  puellis,  die,  fiat  sublimitas. 
A -A-O-G  |  A-A-G|  A-  A-G  |  A-A-O-G 


42  THE  LITERARY  SATURMAN 

v.  18, 


1  1  O  w       *  C,  WW    .*. 

Sit  sancta,  sit  sobria,  sit  vera  virginitas. 
A  -  A  -  G  |  A  -  A-O-G   :A  -  A-G    A  -  A  -  G 

V.  21, 

1         i     w    .».  |  w  •  w    ...  jj  i          i    *     (  I    wf  w   * 

Die,  protegat  dominus  sic  Francos  armigeros. 
A  -  A-O-G  |    A  -  Gij  A  -  A  -  G   |  A  -  A  -  G 

§6.  Our  next  fragment  of  the  Odysseia  is  preserved  by  Xonius  Mar- 
cellus  (Compendiosa  Doctrina:  De  Indiscretis  Adverbiis,  II.  155),  who 
quotes  in  illustration  of  the  use  of  disertim  Livius, 


Tuque  mi  hi  narrate    omnia  disertim. 
A  -  G    A-G  |  A-A-G°i|  A-O-G  |  A- A-  G 

Cf.  §i. 

§7.  Priscian,  Inst.  I.  321.  In-aps  unum  femininum:  haec  daps,  huius 
dapis,  sed  nominativus  in  usu  frequenti  non  est,  quern  Livius  Androni- 
cus  in  I  Odissiae  ponit, 


Quae  haec  daps  est?     Qui  festus  dies? 

A    -  A    |  A   -   A    I;   A  -A-G   |A-G 

A  beautiful  illustration  of  the  essential  nature  of  the  Latin  versus  longus 
in  all  ages:  a  distich  composed  of  two  contrasted  dipodies,  in  which  each 
foot  is  composed  of  two  contrasted  stresses;  cf.  Sacred  Tripudium,  p.  26, 
§§21-26.  Cf.  §5. 

§8.     Festus   225    (Mueller).    Procitum  cum  prima  syllaba  corripitur 
significat  petitum:    Livius, 

i    » 


Matrem  procitum  plurimi  venerunt. 
A-G  |  A-A-G°j|  A-O-G]  A-A-G 

Cf.  §7. 

§9.     Festus  190,  Ommentans:  Livius  in  Odysseia,  quom  ait: 

»       JL  ...  I  J      .,  • ., 


In  Pylum  adveniens,  aut  ibi  ommentans, 
A-A-G|A-A-G     ||  A-A-G|  A- A-G 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  43 

significat  obmanens,  sed  ea  significatione,  qua  saepe  fieri  dicitur,  id  enim 
est  mantare. 
Cf.  §  5. 

§10.  Isidorus,  Origines  19.  4.  9.  Struppi  vincula  loro  vel  lino  facta, 
quibus  remi  ad  scalmos  alligantur.  De  quibus  Livius: 

1  O         iA.|io.||w'wlo|         1  J- 

Tumque  remos  iussit  religare  struppis. 
A  -   G   A-G  |  A-G  ||    A -A-G  |    A-G 
Cf.  §4. 

§11.  Gellius  VI  (VII).  7  Adprimum  autem  longe  primum  L.  Livius 
in  Odyssia  dicit  in  hoc  versu: 

W    '    W     1        O      I       ±  1  Vi,    ||    1          1         .1.        I     1        1  J. 

Ibidemque  vir  summus  adprimus  Patroclus. 

A -A-G  |  A-  A  -  G  ||  A -A-G  |A-A-G 
Cf.  §9. 

§12.  Gellius  III.  16.  ii.  Caesellius  autem  Vindex  in  lectionibus  suis 
antiquis  'tria'  inquit  'nomina  Parcarum  sunt:  Nona,  Decuma,  Morta,' 
et  versum  hunc  Livii  antiquissimi  poetae  ponit  ex  '( 


1       ^          A"  A    |    1     w  «  W  *  1         1  vL    1    O    I         i    *          1 

Quando   dies  adveniet   quern  profata   morta   est. 
A-G     A-G  |  A  -  A-G  |     A   -  A  A-G  |    A-G  -A 

Cf.  v.  17,  where  the  third  and  fourth  tripudium  have  merely  changed 
places  with  each  other, 


w    -s. 


Igitur  demum  Ulixi  cor  frixit  prae  pavore. 
A-G      A-G    |A-A-G|  A  -  A-G  |  A  -    A  A-G 

Similarly  we  may  compare  the  well-nigh  identical  numerus  of  the  types 
illustrated  in  §4: 

w '  ^    <L  A.    i    1  ±  *  ||   ±     1    iwo    1    -t. 
Neque  enim  te  oblitus  sum  Laertie  noster. 
A  -    A-G  |  A-A-A-G  ||  A  -  A  A-O-G|  A  -  G 

The  first  and  second  tripudium  are  merely  interchanged,  and  the  last 
contracted. 


44  THE  LITERARY  SATURXIAX 

Carmen  Arvale  2, 

i^vl^lw'^        1        J.|v»oilw*|l       1^- 

Neve  luem  ruem  Marmar  sinas  in'currere  in  pleoris. 
A-G  A-G  |     A    -  A  -  G  j!     A  -    A  A  -  O-G  |  A  -  A-  G 

The  Third  Scipionic  Inscription,  C.  I.  L.  I.  33 : 
v-  3, 

1.       —        J.     vi/   I    J.     -L     O    ||       .1       w   O      —     \1>    |     -!.     w  '  >-»    .1. 

Honos  fama  virtusque  gloria  atque  ingenium. 
A-G   A-G|A-A-G°||    A-  O-G  A-  G  |  A  -  A  -.G 

The  Fourth  Scipionic  Inscription,  C.  I.  L.  I.  34: 
v.  6, 


I     1  ...  I   A    i 


I      I 


Ne  quairatis  honore  quei  minus  sit  mandatus. 
A  -  A  A-G|  A-A-G  ||   A  -  A-G  |  A  -  A  A  -  G 

Here  we  have  again  a  mere  interchange  between  the  third  and  fourth 
tripudium. 

OLD-IRISH  EXAMPLES.— 

Fiacc's  Hymn: 
v.  i, 

1  '       •     I '     '  II '  •      '    •   I    '      ' 

Genair  patraicc  innemthur  ised  atfet  hiscelaib. 
A-G       A-G    |A-A  -  G  |A-G  A-G  i  A-A-G 

v-3, 

»     .      »   .       I  »  I    .    II   •      t  •         .    I  •      » 

Succat  aainm  itubrad  ced  aathair  ba  fissi. 

A-G  A-G    IA-A-G  HA-A-A  -  G  IA-A-G 

v.  5, 

•       »        i       .  |  •  »     .     ||     i     .      I  •  .  I   •    I 

Bai  se  bliadna  ifognam  maisse  doine  nistoimled. 

A- A     A  -  G|A-A-G   li    A-G  A-G|  A-A-G 

v-  7, 

Asbert  Victor  frigniad  mil  con  tessed  fortonna. 
A-G       A-G      A-A-G      A-G     A-G  I  A- A-G 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  45 

v.  8, 

1     •       '     •     I   '    '        •     II     '  •       '  •     I    '     ' 
Forruib  achois  forsindleicc  maraid   aces    nibronna. 
A-G     A-G    |  A-A  -  G    ||   A-G    A-G  |  A-  A  -  G 

v-  15, 

'  '     .  |    '      »  .     ||  '      .      '     .      |   '    ' 

Robo  chobair  donderinn  tichtu  patraicc  forochlad. 

A-G     A-G  |  A-  A-G  ||  A-G    A-G     |  A-A  -  G 

v.  28. 

•     .         i      .    |  •     •     .  ||     •       .  '.)»». 

Fornim  consen   arige   pridchais  fride  indinnib. 

A-G      A-G|A-A-G||    A-G        A-G|A-A-G 


Canaid  cetsalm  cechnaidchi  dorig  aingel  fogniad. 
A-G     A-G      |  A  -  A  -  G||  A-G  A  -G|  A-  A-G 

v.  31, 

'    .       '      .     |    '        '   .     ||  '   .  •      .  |     '        •      . 

Foaid  forleicc  luim  iarum    ocus  cuilche  fliuch  imbi. 

A-G    A-G  |    A-  A-G    ||A-G  A-G|    A-   A-G 

v.  34, 

•       .       •     .  |    •     •     .  ||    •  •      »     .     I    »    • 

Iccaid  luscu  latruscu  mairb  dosfiuscad  dobethu. 
A-G     A-G|A-A-G||  A         AA-G|A-A-G 


.    |     *  *  .  K  *  .      '   .  |  •      .      • 

Anais  tassach   d  i  a  e  s   intan  dobert  comman  do. 
A-G     A-G    |    A-  A-G  ||  A-G      A-G   |   A  -'G  -  A 

v-  57, 

'     .        '       .    |  '      '      .    ||    '     .          •      .     I  '  ' 

Incath  fechtad  imbethron  frituaith  cannan  lamac  nuin. 
A-G      A-  G  |  A-A-G  ||  A-G       A-G|A-G-A 

v.  58, 

'     .         '       .    |    i    '    .  ||  '      .      •     .    |  '  • 

Assoith  ingrian  frigabon  issed  adfeit  littrib  duinn. 
A-G       A-  G  |  A-A-G  II  A-G    A-G  |  A-G   -   A 


46  THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAN 

v-  59> 

Huare  assoith  lahesu  ingrian  fribas  innacloen. 

A-GA-G  IA-A-GIIA-G     A-G  A-A-G 

v.  61, 

Clerich  herenn  dollotar  dairi  patraic  ascechset. 
A-G      A-G    |   A-A-GIIA-G  A-G  | A-A-G 

v.  68, 

Beith  ingeillius  meic  maire  basen    gaire  ingenair. 
A  -  A  A-G    |     A  -  A-GIIA-G      A-G|  A-A-G 

LATIN  REPRODUCTION  OF  THE  GALLIC  SATURNIAN. 

St.  Augustine,  Psalmus  Contra  Donatistas: 
Strophe  I,  v.  7, 

1  -i.w'wvS,|l_w'w^||w<Ol  A       |      i  vlio 

Quisquis  recolit  evangelium,  recognoscat  cum  t i m o r e . 
A-G      A  -  G°|  A-O  -  A  -  G    ||     A-A-G      A  -  A   A-G 

With  simple  interchange  between  the  third  and  fourth  tripudium. 
Ibid.  v.  10, 


* 

Saeculi  finis  est  litus,  tune  est  tempus  separare. 
A-O-GA-G]  A  -A-G   ||   A  -  A    A  -  G°l  A-O-A-G 

v.  ii, 

1        *      i      W   *  j  i     I    *     .  |(        i      *  i       _  |  i     J.  Ao 

Quando  retia  ruperunt,  multum  dilexerunt  mare. 
A-G°A-O-G|  A-A-G    ||    A-G°    A-O|A-G        A-G 

With  interchange  of  tripudia  in  the  second  dipody. 
Strophe  II,  v.  6, 

1^.  i     W    |i      J.          A        *     ||i  1  1^-  I-IO 

Ipsi  tradiderunt  libros  et  nos  audent  accusare. 
A-G°  A-O|A-G   A-GHA-A     A-G°  |  A-O-A-G 

With  interchange  of  tripudia  in  the  first  dipody. 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  47 

LATIN  REPROCUCTION  OF  THE  OLD-IRISH  SATURNIAN. 

Hymwus  S.  Columbae,  Todd,  Fasc.  ii,  p.  205 : 
Strophe  D,  v.  i, 

A       J.  i          A       |      1        i        W  J.         ||       i      W*    W      0     |N!/        i       i  i 

Draco  magnus  deterrimus,  terribilis  et  antiquus. 

A-G    A-G  |  A-A-O  -G    ||  A  -  A  -  G  |  A -A  A  -  G 

With  interchange  of  tripudia  in  the  second  dipody. 
Strophe  Q,  v.  2, 

vl  ii        .i.     |     >l       i     w    sv||    i      SV  vli  vt          i^O 

Quis  audivit  tonitrua  supra  modum  sonantia? 

A  -  A  A  -G  |  A  -  A-O-GH  A-  G     A-G    |  A  -  A-O-G 

Strophe  R,  v.  4, 

Dies  quoque  angustiae,   maeroris  ac  tristitiae. 
A-G    A-G     A -A-O-G  ||    A-A-G|A-A      A-G 

With  interchange  of  tripudia  in  the  second  dipody. 
Strophe  V,  v.  4, 

Girans  certis  ambagibus  redit  priscis  r  e  d  i  t  i  b  u  s . 
A-  G    A-G  |  A- A-O-G  ||  A-G    A-G      A  -  A  -  G 

Noli  Pater,  Liber  Hymnorum,  Fasc.  ii : 
v.  i, 

i    _i.        xLo|i—iv->||vi'iwM'|i  iwvi/ 

Noli,  pater,  indulgere    tonitrua   cum  fulgure. 
A-G    A-G°|  A-O- A-G  ||  A-A-  O-G  |  A  -  A-O-G 

V.   2, 

i          iij.       |     i     i   w   O  j|    i   sv  i     o      |    i    i   w     O 

At  frangamur    formidine    huius    atque    uredine. 
A-A    A-G  |  A-A-O-GI   A-G     A-G  |    A-A-O-G 

In  Te  Christe,  Liber  Hymnorum,  Fasc.  ii: 
v.  4, 

Ad  dolorum  remedium  festina  in  auxilium. 
A  -  A  A-G   |  A-  A  -  G  ||A-A-G|  A-A  A  -  G 
With  interchange  of  tripudia  in  the  second  dipody. 


48 


THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAN 


Deus  pater  credentium  deus  vita  viventium. 
A-G  A-G  |  A-A-O-G  ||A-G  A-G  |  A-A-O-G 


13, 


Deus  largus  longanimis  deus  doctor  docibilis. 
A-G  A-G  |A-  A  -GjlA-G  A-G  |  A -A-G 


V.    22, 


i     i 


Christus  crucem  ascenderat  Christus  mundum  salvaverat. 
A-G    A-G    |  A-A-O-G  i    A-G     A-G    |  A-A-O-G 


v.  26, 


Gloria  haec  est  altissimo  deo  patri  ingenito. 
A-O-G  A  -  A  |  A- A-O-G  ||  A-G    A-G|A-A-G 

The  Hymn  to  St.  Brigid,  Liber  Hymnorum,  Fasc.  i,  pp.  571. : 
Strophe  II,  v.  i, 

Hymnus  iste  angelicae  summaeque  sanctae  Brigitae. 
A  -  G    A-G  |  A- A   -  G  ||  A  -  A-G     A-  G°|    A-O-G 

With  redistribution  of  the  elements  in  the  second  dipody. 
Strophe  III,  v.  i, 


Zona  sanctae  militiae  sanctos  lumbos  praecingere. 

A-G    A-G  |  A -A-G  ||  A- G    A-G|     A-A-O-G 


I  I 


Strophe  V,  v.  2, 

i       w'vxi        J.     I    A   i     0    ||    A       1 

I  II 

Ut  mereamur  coronam  habere  ac  laetitiam. 
A   -   A    A  -  G  |  A-A-G  ||  A  -  A  -  G   A  -  A      A-G 

With  the  favorite  interchange  in  the  second  dipody. 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  49 

Hymnus  S.  Comgilli,  Antiphonary  of  Bangor,  Warren,  pp.  16  ff. : 
Strophe  IV,  v.  4, 

11-s.      1      i   I  ±     w    J.    ||    i     o        1     c,   |    1    ^  '  w    -s- 

Docebat  sic  et  ceteros  dicta  docta  operibus. 
A-A-G   A-A|A-O-G  ||  A-G    A-G|A-A-G 

With  redistribution  of  the  elements  in  the  first  dipody. 
Strophe  VII,  v.  2, 

11      1          ._  II  JL  ,      i  i  i      i   . 


Regnum  quod  est  sublimibus  deo  dignum  et  fortius, 
A-G        A  -  A  |  A  -  A-O-G  ||  A-G    A-G   |A  -  A-O-G 

Ibid.  v.  4, 


Quo  prosterneret  superbos  tenens  sanctis  in  manibus, 
A    -   A    A-O-G|  A'A  -  G  II  A-G     A  -  G  |  A   -   A-G 

Strophe  XIII,  v.  4, 

1.1.  1  J.     |i          1      W       ^||      A       1         M,      |1  1  IwJ. 

Clarus  cunctis  in  sortibus  adauctus  in  sublimibus. 

A-G    A-G  iA-A-O-GII  A-A-G  |A- A    A-O-G 

With  the  common  interchange  in  the  second  dipody. 
Strophe  XVI,  v.  i, 

1  11  J.  1  lwo||lv^lj-|lw'wxf 

Quis  contempsit  praesentia    huius  aevi  decidua. 
A  -  A  A  -  G  |     A  -  A-O-GH  A-G   A-G  |  A-A-G 

Strophe  XIX,  v.  i, 

A    J.      A     j.     |        X       w  '  w     O    ||   1  ±      w    i     J.      |    A     i        ^ 

Tulit  suam  memoriam  ad  mansionem  supernam 
A-G  A-G  |     A  -  A  -  G||  A  -  A-O-A-G      A-A-G 

Strophe  XXI,  v.  3, 

1       J.          vt          J.        I          i         W  '    W       J.     ||      1       A  X      A  |      ±     1      W        J. 

Huius  sequens  vestigium  ducens  Deo  exercitum. 
A-G   A-G    I    A  -  A-G  II  A-G      A-G|A-A-O-G 


50  THE  LITERARY  SATURXIAN 

Strophe  XXII,  v.  4, 

lunctus  choro  a  n  g  e  1  i  c  o  summo  sanctus  in  i  u  b  i  1  o . 
A-G      A-G|  A  -  A-G  ||  A-G     A-G|A-A-O-G 

Versiculi  Familiae  Benchuir,  Antiphonary  of  Bangor  II.  28 : 
Strophe  VI,  v.  2, 


Sacro-sanctis  reperta  viris  quatuor  portata. 
A-G    A-G|  A-A-GH  A-G°   A-O-G)    A-A-G 

Strophe  IX,  v.  i, 

t    •    ...  II    •       «      i 


Virgo  valde   fecunda  haec  et  mater   intacta. 
A-G    A-G  |  A-A-G  ||    A  -A     A-  G|  A-A-G 

THE  OLD-IRISH  SATURNIAN  IN  ENGLAND. 
Aldhelmus,  Giles,  p.  113: 
V.i, 


Vale  vale  fidissime,  phile  Christi  carissime. 
A-G  A-G|A-A-O-G|  A-G     A-G  |  A-  A-O-G 


V-3, 


AveHova  altissime  olim  sedes  sanctissime. 
A-G  A-G|A-A-O-G|A-G  A-G|   A-A-O-G 


V-  7, 


Tuam  primum  propaginem  per  profundam  indaginem. 
A-G      A-G     |  A-A-O-G  ||  A  -  A  A-G    |  A-A-O-G 

V.Q, 

Nullus  valet  volucribus  summi  caeli  sub  nubibus. 
A-G    A-G  I  A-A-O-G  ||  A-G     A-Gl  A  -  A-O-G 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  51 

THE  OLD-IRISH  SATURNIAN  IN  GERMANY. 

Bonifatius,  Carmina  ed.  Diimmler  (Monum.  Germ.  Histor.),  p.  18: 

Carmen  III,  v.  5, 
•         »       ill      ,  I  ^    .  H  1   .         1     .,  I  i       » 


Qua  rex  regum  perpetuo   cives  ditat  in  saeculo. 
A  -  A     A-G  |  A        A-  G||  A-G     A-G|  A  -  A-O-G 

V.  8, 

A      i     «,   |      i         4    1  y   *'|.l  4.      1     *  ]    i         i     w    o 

Nitharde,  nunc  nigerrima  i m i  cosmi  contagia. 
A-A-G|    A  -  AA-0-GHA-G  A-G|  A  -  A-O-G 

V.  14, 

i   o       i  j.  |  i    w'w  i||     i    -^  i    j.  I    J:     1^^ 

Inque  throne^  aethereo    Christum  laudes  praeconio. 

A-G       A-G    A  -  A- Gil      A-G  A-G|    A  -  A-O-G 

Carmen  IV,  v.  13, 

A    j.         i^|ilvo||i^iv*|ii~o 

Vale  Christo  virguncula  Christi  nempe  tiruncula. 
A-G     A-G|  A-A-O-GH    A- G   A- G  |  A-A-O-G 

V.  14, 

Mihi  cara  magnopere  atque  gnara  in  opere. 
A-GA-G]    A-A-GHA-G    A-G|A-A-G 


A     J.         i       i     I       i         lwJ-||ivi,          i      i  'I     1         w  '  w     -1. 

Tibi  laudes  contexero  atque  grates  ingemino. 
A-G   A-G|  A-A-O-GHA-G    A-G|A  -  A-G 

Berthgitha  ad  Baldhardum,  ap.  Bonifatium,  Giles,  London,  1844, 
p. 272: 

In  fine  carminis,  v.  i , 

Ave  care  crucicola  salutate  a    sorore. 
A-G   A-G|    A-A-GJI    A-A-GIA-AA-G 
With  interchange  of  tripudia  in  the  second  dipody. 


52  THE  LITERARY  SATURXIAX 

V.2, 

1   O       A     j.    |  i   ±  w     a.  ||    ±     -i. 

Fine  tenus  feliciter  famam  serva  simpliciter. 
A-G  A-G|A-A-O-G||A-G     A-G|A  -  A-G 

Ibid.  p.  273, 

Vale  vivens  feliciter,  ut  sis  sanctus  simpliciter. 
A-G  A-G  |  A-A-O-Gj'A-  A   A  -  G|A         A-G 

Sedulius  Scotus,  Carmina  ed.  Grosse,  VI: 
V.  i, 

Bonus  vir  est    Robertus,  laudes  gliscunt  Roberti. 
A-G   A-G  |  A- A -G||  A-G   A  -  G  |  A- A-G 

V.2, 

Christe  fave  Roberto,    longaevum  fac  Robertum. 
A-G  A-G    A -A-G  jj  A-  A-  G   |  A  -  A  A-  G 

V.3, 

Amen!    salve  Roberte,  Christus  sit  cum  Roberto. 
A-G    A-G  |  A-A -G||   A-G    A  -  A   [  A-A-G 

§13.  Priscian,  Inst.  VI.  6:  Eiusdem,  id  est  primae,  declinationis  femi- 
norum  genitivum  etiam  etiam  in  -as  more  Graeco  solebant  antiquissimi 
terminare,  unde  adhuc  paterfamilias  et  materfamilias  solemus  dicere  et 
frequens  hoc  habet  usus.  Livius  in  Odyssia: 

1      x*       ij.       w'wi        i||         ±      w     I    J.      I 

Atque  escas  habeamus    mentionem 
A-G   A-G|    A-A-G°|!     A-O-A-G  | 
The  last  tripudium  is  lacking. 

ITALIC  EXAMPLES. 
V.  17, 

Igitur  demum  Ulixi  cor  frixit  prae  pavore. 
A-G   A-G  |A-A-G||A  -  A-G|    A-A    A-G 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  53 

V.  28,  3, 

H  iow'wolAI*         ||    i     w   w      i  J.     I 

I  II  I 

Multa    alia    in  isdem    inserinuntur     . 
A-G      A -G|  A-A-G0   ||  A-O-O-A- G    | 

Here  again  the  final  tripudium  is  wanting  in  our  tradition. 
Naevius: 
V.  3,  i, 

i  O          >t^|i±C,||JLl.i.|liM, 

Postquam  avem  aspexit  in  templo  Anchisa. 
A    -   G     A-G    |  A-A-GH  A-A-G  |  A-A-G 

V.4,2, 

1        J.  i       J.       |      i     i        J.  ||      A      W  '    W       O      |   A       i         J. 

Noctu  Troiad  exibant  capitibus  opertis. 
A-G     A-G|A-A-G     ||  A  -  A  -  G  |  A-A-  G 

V.   12,  I, 

vt-i.        ±J.|w'w±C,||iwiA         i       i 

Senex  fretus  p  i  e  t  a  t  e  adlocutus  summi. 
A-G    A-G|    A-A-G°||A-O-A-G|  A-G 

V.    12,    2, 

1^.         ij.|i±J.||I_ij.|Aj. 

Regis  fratrem  Neptunum  regnatorem  ma  rum. 
A-G     A-G  !  A-A-G0  II  A-O-A-G  I  A-G 


V.  20,  I, 


' 


_       vl/ 


Inerant  signa  expressa  quo  modo  Titanes. 
A-G      A-G  |  A -A-G  ||  A  -  A-G|  A-A-G 

V.  37,  i, 

i^w'^^li          1   *    |  1.  '   1     'W        *    |   1  V  ;  * 

Transit  Melitam  Romanus  exercitus  insulam. 
A-G      A -G  |  A-A-G  ||A-A-O-G°|  A-O-G 

V.  39,  2, 

i  ^  A       a.   |  ,1    i    *  ||  ±       A    *  |  w  •  w  i  J. 

Quam  cum  stupro  redire  ad  suos  populares. 
A    -A        A-G  IA-A-GIIA-A-GI     A-A-G 


54  THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAN 

Apud  Macrobium,  Sat.  VI.  i.  37, 

N^'^J.  W    '    W     -1.  xi,     i     XV       ||         i         i     C/    I    A       i          J- 

Redeunt   referunt   petita   rumore   secundo. 
A-G        A  -  G  |  A-A-G  ||   A-A-G  |  A-  A-  G 

Popularis  Incantatio,  Varro  de  R.  R.  I.  2.  27: 


I     J,    J.   J.  ||  j,  J.          i     I         vt    1    ^ 

Terra    pestem    teneto,   salus   hie  maneto. 

A-G  A-G  IA-A-GIIA-G-  A    A-A-G 

Appius  Claudius  i.  2-3, 

i        ^  1-1.  Aic/||vliwo|w'v/J. 

Nequid  fraudis  stuprique  ferocia    pariat. 
A-G      A-G  |    A-A-G||A-A-O-G|     A-G 

Versus  Antiquus  ap.  Festum,  333, 

L    *_  I    1         »,,!!•  •        ,    I      • 


Quasi  messor  per  messim  unumquemque   spicum. 
A-G     A-G|    A-  A-G°||A-O    -  A-G  |   A-G 

The  Faliscan  Cooks,  C.  I.  L.  XI.  3078: 
V.  6, 

xt   J.       i    .i.         M,    i    .s.     ||  xv  »  w       xl   -s.         I     i     1       J. 

Utei  sesed  lubentes  bene  iovent  optantes. 
A-G  A-G  |  A-A-G   ||    A  -  A-G   |  A-  A  -  G 

The  Vow  of  the  Vertuleii,  C.  I.  L.  I.  1175: 

V.    2, 

xv   -1.  AJ.  1  1    J.      ||    1    J.         1       I    xt   J.    1 

Parens    timens    heic    vovit,  .voto    hoc   soluto. 
A-G     A-G       A  -   A-G   ||A-G  -  A   |  A-A-G 

The  First  Scipionic  Inscription,  C.  I.  L.  I.  32: 
V.  4, 


Consol   censor  a  i  d  i  1  i  s   hie   fuet   apud   vos. 
A-G    A-G   I  A-A-G  II  A-A-Gl  A-G  -A 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS 


55 


The  Second  Scipionic  Inscription,  C.  I.  L.  I.  30: 

V.      2, 

•  •     ...  1        I        »      .     II   »     .          » 


(^  '  w     —        \t/ 


Gnaivod  patre  prognatus  fortis  vir  sapiensque. 
A-G     A-G     A -A-G  II  A-G-  A  I     A-A-G 


V.  3, 


1  -i.       1    o     |lij.||4/iw*|^JU 

Quoius  forma  virtutei  parisuma  fuit. 
A-G    A-G  I  A-A-G  i|  A-A-O-G  A-G 


V-4, 


i 


• 


• 


« 


O   J.         J. 

Consol  censor  aidilis  quei  fuit  apud  vos. 
A-G     A-G  I  A-A-G  II  A -A-G  |  A-G  -  A 


V.  6, 


Subigit  omne  Loucanam  opsidesque  abdoucit. 
A-G     A-G      A-A-G1  A-O-A-G  |  A-A-G 

The  Fourth  Scipionic  Inscription,  C.  I.  L.  I.  34: 

V.  3, 

i^lo|ll^||l       vt^Aio 

Quoiei  vita  defecit,  non  honos  honore. 

A-G  A-  G  |  A  -  A-  G  ||  A  -  A-G  I  A-A-G 


V.  4, 


•   I    •    • 


Is  hie  situs  quei  nunquam  victus  est  virtutei. 
A  -  A  A-G  I   A   -A-G    ||  A-  G  -  A  I  A-  A-G 


V.  5, 


Annos  natus  viginti  is  diveis  mandatus. 
A-G    A-G  |  A -A- Gil  A- A-G  I    A-A-G 


V.   6, 


1  i'  JL\*    I    ir  i  JU  U        i        ~'^       J.|i%lj- 

Ne  quairatis  honore  quei  minus  sit  mandatus. 
A    -    A  A-  G  |  A-A-G  ||    A  -    A  -  G  |  A  -  A-G 


56  THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAN  • 

KELTIC  EXAMPLES. 

Fiacc's  Hymn: 

V.  6, 

•  .     i   .  |  i     •    .||  ;    '       .  |    •  '   . 

Batar    i  1  e    cothraige   cethartrebe   diafognad. 
A-G   A-G  |   A-A-GH  A-A-O-Gl    A-A-G 

V.  25, 

Ymmuin  ocus  abcolips  natricoicat  noscanad. 
A-G     A-G]  A -A- G°  ||  A-O-A-G  |  A-A-G 

V.  26, 

Pridchad  baitsed  arniged  de  molad  de  nianad. 
A-G       A-G  |A- A-G  ||  A- A-G  |  A-A-G 

V-63, 

•  .    •   .  r  "    .    ii  •    •    .  i  •  • . 

Anim  patraicc  friachorp  isiarsaethaib  roscarad. 
A-G      A-G    |    A-A-G0    ||  A-O-A  -  G   |  A-A-G 

THE  GALLIC  SATURNIAN  IN  LATIN. 

St.  Augustine,  Psalmus  contra  Donatistas: 
Strophe  I,  v.  7, 

i       j.       ^*"^VK|I_W«WJ.||^'W          i       -s.    |     i        vl       1    o 

Quisquis  recolit  evangelium  recognoscat  cum  timore. 
A-G       A  -  G°|  A  -  O  -  A  -  G  II    A         A-  G   |  A  -  A     A-G 

THE  OLD  IRISH  SATURNIAN  IN  LATEST. 

Hymnus  S.  Columbae,  Liber  Hymnorum,  Todd,  Fasc.  ii,  p.  205: 
Strophe  A,  v.  i, 

1      .i.  i      w      J.     |      A         i          J.     ||     J,    i       C,          vL         i         w  '   w       .8. 

Altus  prosator  vetustus  dierum  et  ingenitus. 
A-G°      A-O-G  |  A- A-G  ||  A-A-G    |A-A       A-G 

V.  3, 

Est   et   erit   in   saecula    saeculorum   infinita. 
A  -  A  A-G  |  A  -  A-O-G1  A-O-A-G  I  A-O-A-G 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  57 

V.  6, 

1  1  &     a.  |    1     1      W     *-  ft  -4       I  a.  A      ...        |  i    w      .*. 

Non  tres  D  e  o  s  depromimus  sed  unum  D  e  u  m  dicimus. 
A    -A      A-G|  A-A-O-G  ||  A-A-G      A-G°  (A-O-G 

Strophe  D,  v.  i, 

Draco  magnus  deterrimus,  terribilis  et  antiquus. 
A-G     A-G  |  A-A-O-G  ||    A   -  A  -  G|A-AA-G 

Strophe  E,  v.  4, 

1.1.  ivl/|ilwo||io  i     I        W   '    W         i     W    O 

Solem  lunam  ac  sidera  ignem  et   necessaria. 

A-G      A-G  |  A- A-O-G  ||  A-G  -A  |      A-A-O-G 

Strophe  H,  v.  5, 

1-1.         1  J.      |     A          i       W          -S.||l-l.l|w'ww'w         J. 

Nullis  umquam  tegentibus  septis  ac  parietibus. 
A-G    A    -  G  |  A- A-O-G  ||A-G -A|     A-A-G 

Strophe  I,  v.  3, 

>!/      J.       i    i  |      ±      w'w          A      ||       1        w  '   W    J.  I       1       w'w        A. 

Maris  caeli  climatibus  caeruleis  turbinibus. 
A-G  A-G |  A  -A  -  G  ||  A  -  A-G|  A  -  A  -  G 

Strophe    M,    v.    i, 

1    ^       ,1  a.     i    i    w  .  V|  i      1    w    a.    I  4  1  v  .'a, 

Magni   Dei   virtutibus   appenditur   dialibus. 

A-G     A-G|  A-A-O-G  ||  A  -A-O-G  |  A-A-O-G 

V.    2, 

li          1^.1          i    w     vi.   ||    A    i    J.  1          JU          iwi 

Globus  terrae  et  circulus  abyssi,  magnae  inditus. 
A-G    A-G  |  A-  A-O-G  ||  A-  A-G    A-G°|  A-O-G 

Strophe  O,  v.  2, 

1     j.       A  a.  |    A    ±  w  .*.  ||   A      Ij-      i  a.  |   w  *  w:    a. 

Quorum  genu  precario  frequenter  flectit   Domino. 

A-,G     A-G    A-A-O-GH  A-A-G    A -G  |      A-G 


58  THE  LITERARY  SATURXIAN 

V.  6, 

1          j.        Ai|       1       1       wo||l      i       i      |         v'w       lw^ 

Explens  s  u  i' praesagmina  adventus  prophetalia. 
A-G    A-G|    A-A-O-GHA-A-G   |       A  -  A-O-G 

Strophe  R,  v.  4, 

Dies  quoque  angustiae,  maeroris  ac   tristitiae. 
A-G  A-G  i  A-A-O-GH   A-A-G|A      A       A-G 

Strophe  T,  v.  i, 

Tuba  primi  Archangel  i  strepente    admirabil  i  a. 
A-G   A-G|  A  -  A  -  O-G  ||   A- A-G°  A  -  O  -O  -    A-G 

Strophe  Z,  v.  i, 

1    C*     i   i  |  w  '  w        1  i  ||     1     i        O  I  i        _        1    w    i 

Zelus  ignis  furibundus  consumet  adversarios. 
A-G  A-G|     A  -  A  -  G||  A-A-G°|A -O-A-O-G 

Post  Stropham  Z,  v.  4, 
Ai       i*jiw»w*l|ia.lii|w»wi 

Deum  patrem  ingenitum  caeli  et  terrae  Dominum. 
A-G     A-G    |A-  A-G    ||A-GA-A-G|     A-G 

Noli  Pater ,  Liber  Hymnorum  (Macllwaine,  Lyra  Hibernica  Sacra, 
p.  382): 


*     |     ±         _        lollvll       W 

Noli  pater   indulgere  tonitrua  cum  fulgure. 
A-G    A-G°|  A-O-A-GH  A-A-O-GI  A  -  A-O-G 

In  Te  Christe,  Liber  Hymnorum  (Lyra  Sacra,  p.  383)  : 
V.  i, 

1^  i   *  |  '  1        iw*||w'wwi^|lwi 

In   te   Christe   credentium  miserearis   omnium. 
A  -  A       A-G     A  -  A-O-G1     A  -  O-A-G°  A-O-G 


V/ 


Tu  es  deus  in  saecula   saeculorum  in  gloria. 
A-A  A-G|A-  A-O-G°H  A-O-A-G  I  A-  A  -O-G 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  59 

V.  4, 

i          A     JL    JL       |     vl          v,  •  w     JL      ||    1        i     JL       1         1        w'wj. 

Ad   dolorum   re  medium   festina   in   auxilium. 
A  -  A  A-G   |  A    -  A  -  G  ||  A-A-G  |A  -  A      A-G 

V.  g, 

w'w        w  '  w    I    1     w  »  w  JL    ||     i      ±   o     I  w  '  v  w        w  »  ^       i 

Deus   opis   eximiae   caelestis    Hierosolymae. 
A         A     |  A  -  A-G  ||  A-A-G°|    A-O    -A-G 

V.   15, 

A  J-       JL     &  I   JL        -L       w     i*  ft  JL  JL       \J/       4r    X    |       —     w  JL 

Dei  patris  in  nomine  filique  sui    prospere. 
A-G    A-G|  A-A-O-G||A-A-G    A-G°|    A-O-G 

V.  32, 

JL       C,  i      *     |  1  W  '  W     X    ||  A    i        *         i        O    |      ±  W          JL 

Sitque  nobis  propitius  diebus  atque  n  o  c  t  i  b  u  s . 
A-G    A-G |      A  -   A -G||  A-A-G    A-G°   A-O-G 

The  Hymn  to  St.  Brigid,  Liber  Hymnorum,  Todd  I.  57: 
Strophe  II,  v.  i, 

1          O          1     C/  |       1  w  '  w       JL     ||      1  lol  d.    I     1        W        A 

Hymnus  iste  angelicae  summaeque  sanctae  B  r  i  g  i  t  a  e. 
A  -  G    A-G|   A        A  -G  ||  A  -  A-G    A  -  G°|  A-O-  G 

Strophe  V,  v.  2, 

i        w'wl         J-|Aio       ||    vl       i    o    I    i        i          w'wJ. 

Ut  mereamur  coronam  habere  ac  laetitiam. 
A-A    A-G|A-A-G     |  A  -  A-G  |  A  -  A        A-G 

Ibid.  v.  3, 

In  conspectu  angelorum  in  saecula  saeculorum. 
A-A  A- G°  |  A-O-A-G  I)  A  -  A-O-G°|  A-O-A-G 

The  Hymn  of  St.  Cummain  Fota,  Liber  Hymnorum,  Todd  I.  73 : 
V.  4, 

Piscium   rete    evangelii    captoris   alleluia. 
A-O-G     A-G°    A-O  -   A-GII  A  -  A-G°  A-O-A-G 


60  THE  LITERARY  SATURXIAN 

V-  5, 

1     ^         1      w    O     [     1         W»WA  i     _      1     ^ 

Pauli   gentium   e  g  r  e  g  i  i     praeceptoris. 
A-G°A-O-G|A    -  A-G  |     A-O-A-G 

This  hymn  furnishes  us  in  the  odd  verses  interesting  examples  of  the 
otherwise  rare  tripudic  tripody. 

V.    7, 


Andreae  a  t  q  u  e  precamur  e  g  r  e  g  i  a . 
A  -  O-G   A  -  G  1  A-A  -  G  |  A    -    A-G 

V.  13, 

J,     » 


Oris  lampadis    eloquentis   Philippi. 
A-G°  A  -  O-G°|A-O  -  A  -G  |    A-A-G 

V.    18, 

1    1    1     wo|Aij.||Al^j.|lwio 

Nos  illuminet  abyssus  scientiae  alleluia. 

A-A  A-O-GJA-A-GH  A- A-O-G0 1 A-O-A-G 

Hymnus   S.   Patricii  Magistri  Scotorum,  Antiphonary  of   Bangor, 
Warren  II.   14: 

Strophe  I,  v.  3, 

IwO        vlw|v!/         i      J.       ||w's,      i      O     I     i         w      -1. 

Quomodo  bonum  ob  actum  similatur  angelis. 
A-O-G    A-G|A-A-G||    A-A-G°|A-O-G 

Strophe  VII,  v.  i, 


Gloriam  habet  cum  Christo  honorem  in  saeculo. 
A-O-G     A-G  |  A    -    A-G  ||  A-A-G    |A  -  A-O-G 

V.    2, 

Qui  ab  omnibus  ut  Dei  veneratur  angelus. 
A-  G°  A-O-G|A-A-G||     A-A-G°|A-O-G 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  61 

V.4, 

J,      J,w'wJ.|>l±.fc||ii.i.i.fc|AJ. 
Ut  hominibus  ducatum  praeberet  regno  Dei. 

A  -  A       A  -  G  |    A-A-G   ||    A-  A-G  A-G|  A-G 

Strophe  XI,  v.  4, 


Co  pi  a  in  qua  est  multa,  quam  Dominus  possidet. 
A-O-G  A-A   |A  -  A-G  ||    A     -     A-.G°|    A-O-G 

Strophe  XII,  v.  i, 

1    w     J.          i  olilj.lliij.lvl/iwJ. 

Maximus  namque  in  regno  caelorum  vocabitur. 
A-O-G    A  -  G   A- A- G||  A-A-G  j  A-A-O-G 

Strophe  XIII,  v.  i, 

i      J-  w  '  w    J.   |  i      i     *    ||  i         1         W  .h      j     1.     W    * 

Nomen  Domini  audenter  annunciat    gentibus. 
A-G         A-  GIA-A-GUA -A- 0-G°|  A-O-G 

Strophe  XVI,  v.  i, 

i  1  s/  '    W      J.       I     i        i      J.    II  i       i       J.     I          i          W  '    W         J. 

"I  II  I 

Quem  pro  m  e  r  i  t  i  s  Salvator  provexit  pontificem. 
A   -  A         A-G|A-A-G||     A-A-G|    A-A-G 

Strophe  XVII,  v.  i, 

1      J.          i      W     O   |    1      1      J-        ||         li        J.        1  1        W       J. 

Regis  nuntius  invitans  credentes  ad  nuptias. 
A-G°    A-O-G|A-A-G  ||    A-A-G  |  A  -  A-O-G 

Strophe  XIX,  v.  i, 

i      i  w  '  w     J-  |    X     i     *    ||  i        1   *    I  A  w  »  w    J- 

Testis   Domini  fidelis  in   lege   catholica. 
A-G         A-G|  A-A-G  ||A-A-G|A         A-G 

V.  4, 

1        i     ij.|w»wij.||Xio|i     iwj. 
Sed  caelesti  saliantur  sapore  a.d  victimam. 
A-A    A-GI     A- A-G  ||  A- A-GI  A- A-O-G 


62  THE  LITERARY  SATURXIAX 

Strophe  XXIII,  v.  i, 

1  -^        w  '  w    -i.  |      11       .i    ||  o  1      o       1        1    w    -^ 

Zona  Domini  praecinctus  diebus  ac  noctibus. 
A-G        A-G|    A-A-GHA-A-G     A-A-O-G 

Hymnus  S.  Comgilli  Abbatis  Nostri,  Antiphonary  of  Bangor,  Warren 
II.   16: 

Strophe  I,  v.  4, 

L   -•-  1   i      ^  I  ^  ^  II  1      A  .       i  ^  I     I 


s       -^ 


Apta   fideiustitia    ad    Dei    ducta    g  a  u  d  i  a  . 
A-G   A-G  |  A       A  -Gil  A  -A-G    A-G°I    A  -  O-G 

Strophe  II.    v.   i, 

J,      A         1-u  1         w'w^.        II     w  '  w      w     i      J.         iv-i 

II 

Bonam  vitam,  iustitiam,  benignitatem  floridam. 
A-G     A-G   |  A        A-G    ||      A  -  O-A-G0  |  A-O-G 

Strophe  IX,  v.  i, 

i         i        i^liwiolli-i^         liw^ 

In  Scripturis    eruditus  inspiratus  divinitus. 
A  -  A    A-G°  A-O-A-G1A-  O-A-G    A-A-O-G 


Strophe  XIII,  v.  4, 


A    I 


I        I 


Clarus  cimctis  in  sortibus,  adauctus  in  sublimibus. 
A-G    A-G|A-A-O-G  ||  A-A-GlA -A    A-O-G 

Strophe  XV,  v.  4, 

lol        J.    I         1       w  •  w     J.   ||     1          w      1    J.  I    1        1        WO 

More  sancti  Hieremiae  const ituti  in  culmine. 
A-GA-G)     A  -  A  -G||  A  -  O-A-G]  A  -  A  -  O-G 

Strophe  XVII,  v.  i, 

Rexit  sanctam  ecclesiam  catholicam  per  regulam. 
A-G   A  -  G    |  A-A-O-G  ||  A        A  -  G   |  A  -  A-O-G 

Strophe  XIX,  v.  4, 

w-U  i        A        I      A          lwo||l          lo  lw|lw         J. 

Domans  pergens,cum  Abraham  ad  terrain  illam  opt  imam. 
A-G      A-G    JA  -A-O-G    ||A-A-G     A-G°|  A-O-  G 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  63 

Strophe,  XXII,  v.  i, 

1  J.  vl      .i.  |        1  i  ^J-Hlwlc'lilwJ. 

Hymnum  Deo  cum  cantico     immolabat  altissimo. 
A  -  G      A-G  |  A-A  -  O-G°||  A  -  O-A-G  I  A-A  -  O-G 

Strophe  XXIII,  v.  i, 

1^.1        j.    |    i  w'w^lli^ioliw'^^ 

Zona  cinctus  iustitiae,   castitatis  eximiae. 
A-G    A-G|A        A-G°||  A-O-A-G  |A- A-G 

Hymnus  S.  Camelaci,  Antiphonary  of  Bangor,  Warren  II.  19: 
Strophe  V,  v.   i, 

Regem    Dominum   aspexit   Salvatoremque   suum. 

A-G        A  -  G  IA-A-GI  A-O-O-A  -  G  |  A-G 

Strophe  VI,  v.   i, 

1         oio         |±wwi-s.||lwl  -i.  1    w      -1. 

Christus  ilium   insinuavit   Patriarchae  Abrahae. 
A-G   A-G°  |A-O-O-A-G°||  A-  O-A  -  G°  | A-O-G 

V.    2, 

1         w  '  w  i    -s.  I   i      i   J.  ||    1         1      J-   I    1      w     -s- 

In  Paradise  regnavit  cum  sancto  Lazaro. 
A         A    A-G|A-A-G||  A  -  A-G°|  A-O-G 

Versiculi  Familiae  Benchuir,  Antiphonary  of  Bangor,  Warren  II.  28: 
Strophe  II,  v.  2, 

1  v!/lvi/|llvi/||ivio         ilo 

Spe   salutis   ornata    caritate   perfecta. 
A  -  A  A-G    A  -  A-G°||  A  -  O-A-G  |  A -A-G 

Strophe  X,  v.  2, 

Deo  Patre  parata  sine  fide  mansura. 
A-G     A-G |   A-A- G||    A  -  A-G|    A- A-G 

In  Memoriam  Abbatum  Nostrorum,  Antiphonary  of  Bangor,  War- 
ren II.  33:    * 

Strophe  III,  v.  i, 

Gratum  fecit  Fintenanum  heredem  almum  inclitum. 
A-G    A-G°|  A-O-A-G  ||  A-A-G    A-G°|A-O-G 


64  THE  LITERARY  SATURMAN 

THE  OLD-IRISH  SATURXIAX  ix  EXGLAXD. 

Aldhelmus,  Saxonum  Occidentalium  Episcopus,  Giles,  Oxon.  1844 
p.   1 1 1 : 

V.  3, 

Cuncta  cernens  cacumine  caelorum  summo  lumine. 
A-G     A-G    |  A-A -O-G|  A-A-G    A-G°|A-O-G 

THE  OLD-IRISH  SATURNIAN  ON  THE  CONTINENT. 

Bonifatius,   Carmina   ed.  Diimmler,  p.    18    (Mon.    Germ.  Histor: 
P.  L.  M.  A.): 

Carmen  III,  v.  i, 

A  j.  ±  A  |  i   i  w    A  j  w'c  i   A  I  1    i  ^  -^ 

Vale  f rater  florentibus  iuventutis  cum  viribus. 
A-G  A-G  |  A-A-O-G  l|      A-A-G  I  A  -A-O-G 


V.     12, 


I  I 


1       I         „  .  I  I    I 


Summa  sede  ut  gaudeas  unaque  simul  fulgeas. 
A-G    A-G  |  A  -  A  -  O-G  || A-A-G  A-G°|  A-O-G 

Berthgitha  ad  Baldhardum,  ap.  Bonifat.,  ed.  Giles,  London  1844, 
p.  273:  V.  2, 

4/    -S.         xl/       -t     |      i  1         wo||w'vl-l.!i          i         >^0 

Tibi  salus  per  saecula  tribuatur  per  culmina. 
A-G    A-G  |  A  -  A-O-GH      A-A-G  |  A-A-O-G 

Ibid.  p.  272,  in  fine  carminis, 

AJ.    1  o  |     Aw'wo    !|    w  •  w  i    o    |  i    A    1    o 

Ave  care  crucicola,   salutate    asorore. 
A-G  A-G  |  A  -  A  -  G  |!   A  -  A-  G  I  A-A  A-  G 

Sedulius  Scotus,  Carmina  ed.  Grosse: 
Carmen  VI,  v.  2, 

Christe  fave  Roberto,  longaevum  fac  Robertum. 
A-G  A-G|  A- A- G||  A-A-G    |A-A  A-G 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  65 

Dicuil,  Diimmler,  N.  A.  S.  p.  256: 

1          1          ±   A  |  ±    ±    w   J.  |j      i  ±    J.   |  w     '     w      1    w    * 

Sed  cum  vere  invenerit  quod  debet  r  e  p  r  e  hendere. 
A  -  A    A-G|A-A-O-G||  A  -  A-G  |     A  -  A-O-G 

§  14.  Festus  162,  Mueller:  Nequinunt  pro  nequeunt,  ut  solinunt 
ferinunt  pro  solent  et  ferunt  dicebant  antiqui.  Livius  in  Odyssia : 

1   >»,      i   .*.    |  J,   i    A    ||     ±  w  -s.   |  A  i  * 
Partim  errant,  nequinunt  Graeciam  redire. 
A-G    A-G   |A-A-G°||    A-O-G  | A- A-G 
Cf.  §  i. 

§  15.     Priscian  VI.  42:    Non  est  tamen  ignorandum,  quod  etiam  hie 
puerus  et  hie  et  haec  puer  vetustissimi  protulisse  inveniuntur. 
Livius  in  Odyssia: 

Sancta  puer,  Saturni  filia,    regina. 
A-G  A-G  |  A-A-G0 1| A-O-G  |  A-A-G 
Cf.  §  i. 

§  1 6.  Priscian  VI.  18:  Quod  autem  lonis  et  Calypsonis  et  Didonis 
dicitur,  ostendit  hoc  etiam  Caesellius  Vindex  in  Stromateo  his  verbis: 
Calypsonem:  ita  declinatum  est  apud  antiques,  Livius: 

»!/-!.  1  o|ll-^||lw.J-|w'wl-l. 

Apud  nympham  Atlantis  filiam  Calypsonem. 
A-G       A-G     |  A-A-G°||A-O-G  |     A-A-G 

Cf.  §  i. 

§  17.  Servius  in  Verg.  Aen.  I.  92:  Explaining  the  use  of  frigus  for 
timor:  Livius  in  Odyssia: 

Igitur  demum  Ulixi   cor  frixit  prae  pavore. 
A-G     A  -  G    |  A-A-G  II  A  -  A  -  G  |  A  -  A   A-G 

Cf.  §  13. 

§  1 8.  Festus,  p.  181  Mueller:  Explaining  the  ancient  use  of  ocris  as 
mons  confragosus:  Ut  apud  Livium  : 

11         O  1        A     |      1      V  O      ||        w'w      -1.       1  vl      *      I         1         -1. 

Celsosque  ocris  arvaque  putria  et  mare  magnum. 
A-A-G    A-G°|A-O-G||      A-G    A-A-Gl    A-G 


66  THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAN 

LATIN  EXAMPLES. 

V.    24, 

11      -i.  lojli      1  ||    1    j.     ±   ±   A   |    w  •  w   j. 

Nexabant  multa  inter  se  flexu  nodorum  dubio. 

A-A-G         A-G|  A-G-  A  ||  A-G  A-A-G  |     A-G 

V.  26, 

1^0          ±w'wJ.|Aj.||I         Ail^olvtlj. 

Inferus  an  superus  tibi  fert  deus  funera  Ulixi. 
A-O-G     A  -  A-G|A-G||  A-A-G0  A-O-G  j  A-A-G 

V.  38, 

1          vl    M,  1     O     |    >l     i      ||     1       1         i          IwO         1       J. 

At  celer  hasta  volans  perrumpit  pectora  ferro. 
A-A-G     A-G    A- G||  A-A-G0  A-O-G  |  A-G 

Naevius,  v.  62, 

Atque  prius  pariet  lucusta  lucam  bovem. 
A-G    A-G  |     A  -  Gli  A-A-G  A-G   j  A-G 

Popularis  Incantatio,  Varro  de  R.  R.  I.  2.27 : 

Aj.>!/j.|vy»wj.|]%!/i^     A  j.  |  w  '  w   -s. 
Ego   tui  memini  medere  meis  pedibus. 
A-G    A-G|      A  -  G  ||   A-A-G     A-G  |    A  -  G 

The  Mummian  Inscription,  C.  I.  L.  I.  541: 
V.    i, 

Ductu  auspicio  imperioque  eius  Achaia  capta. 
A-G   A        A-G°|  A  -  O-O-A-G  ||A-G  A-A-G  |  A-G 

OLD-IRISH  EXAMPLES. 
Fiacc's  Hymn,  v.  9, 

Dofaid  tarelpa  huile  de  mair  baamra  retha. 
A-G     A-A-G  |    A-G||  A  -  A     A-A-G  |  A-G 

V.  33, 

'     •     •     '   •  I  '  -    II  '    •       •'•!'. 

Pridchad  soscela  docach  dognith  morferta  lethu. 
A-G      A-A-G|A-G    ||  A-G       A-A-G|A-G 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  67 

V.  35, 

»       .        »       .    |     •     •     .  ||  t  »       «       .  |  '     . 

Patraic  pridchais  doscotaib  roches  morsethu  lethu. 
A-G      A-G   |   A-A-G||A-G       A-A-G|A-G 

V.  40, 

Pridchais  trifichte  bliadan  croich  crist  dothuathaib  fene. 
A-G       A-A  -  G|    A-G  ||    A          A     A  -  A-G    |A  -  G 

V.   51, 

Ymmon    dorroega   itbiu  bidlurech  diten  docach. 
A  -  G       A-A-G|A  -  Gil  A-A-G        A-G    |  A-G 

V.   52, 

Immut  illaithiu  messa  regait  fir  herenn  dobrath. 
A-GA-A-G|    A-GHA-G    A-A-G     |   A-G 

V.   54, 

Asbert  mosnicfed  patraicc  briathar  tassaig  nirbu  go. 
A-G        A-A-G  |  A-G     ||     A-G     A-G|A-G-A 

V.  65, 

'     .       t      '     .  |    t    .     ||  i     t     .      i     .    |   t    . 
Intan  conhualai  patraic  a  del  la  patraic  naile. 
A-G     A- A-G  |  A-G  ||A-A-G    A-G    |A-G 

GALLIC  EXAMPLES  IN  LATIN. 

St.  Augustine,  Psalmus  Alphabeticus  contra  Donatistas: 
Strophe  I,  v.  3, 

Comparans  regnum  caelorum  reticulo  misso  in  mare. 
A  -  0-G       A-G    |  A-A-GH  A  -  A-G   A-G|A  -  A-G 

V.  5, 

1       1        iij.liij.lli       ±    ±  j.    ]  i  w   I  * 

Quos  cum  traxissent  ad  lit  us  tune  coeperunt  separare. 

A  -  A       A-A-G  |  A-A-G  II  A  -  A  A-G°I  A -O-A-G 


68 


THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAN 


V.  6, 


Bonos  in  vasa  miserunt,   reliquos  malos  in  mare. 
A-G  A- A-G  |  A-A-G    H     A-G        A-GIA-A-G 


V.    12, 


*  .h*       |11  i     ^       |      i       ~    i     o 

Vasa  sunt  sedes  sanctorum,  quo  non  possunt   pervenire. 
A-G    A-A-G    A-A-G     II  A  -  A       A-G°  I   A  -O-A-G 


i     i 


• 


Strophe  II,  v.  10, 

Modo  quo  pacto  excusabunt  factum  altare  contra  altare. 
A-G    A  -  A-G°|  A-O-A-G  I!  A-G     A-A-G|  A- G  A-A-G 

It  is  clear  that  the  procatalectic  expansion,  A-A-G  A-G,  A-G  A-A-G,  was 
the  universal  Keltic  favorite  from  Cisalpine  Gaul  and  Spain  to  Hibernia, 
and  that  it  is  in  the  type  before  us  that  we  must  recognize  the  mainspring 
of  Christian  hymnology  and  modern  European  rhythm: 


St  Hilary: 


A   1   O         l*|lw*fll*irll 

Beata  nobis  gaudia  anni  reduxit  orbit  a. 
ii  i         »  •  »  i          i 

A-A-G    A-G°1    A-O-GHA-G    A-A-G°]A-O-G 


i    i 


A  i 


St.  Ambrose:  Aeterne  rerum   conditor  noctem   diemque   qui  regis. 
it  it  ii  it 

A-A-G    A-G°  |  A-O-GH  A-G     A-A-G   !  A-  A-G 

Thus  the  artistic  genius  of  the  Kelt  laid  hold  instinctively  upon  that 
modulation  of  the  native  rhythm  of  the  double  accent  which  would  re- 
produce naturally  the  Hellenic  or  quantitative  verse-beat,  and  cast 
aside  forever  the  hopeless  artificiality  of  the  classic  tradition  in  its  effort 
to  assert  the  accentual  independence  of  the  quantitative  ictus.  Conse- 


quently,  while  the  classic  tradition  affects  and  cultivates  A-O-A-G  and 
ii  ill 

A-A-G,  the  order  of  the  new  day  is  A-O-A-G  and  A-A-G:  the  classic  arti- 
ficial grafting  of  the  Hellenic  verse-beat  on  to  the  tripudic  has  given 
place  to  the  indigenous  Italico-Keltic  artistic  blending  of  the  two,  and 
the  rationale  of  European  rhythm  is  fixed  for  all  time. 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  69 

OLD-IRISH  EXAMPLES  IN  LATIN. 

Hymnus  S.  Columbae,  Liber  Hymnorum,ap.  Macllwaine,  p.  376  ff.: 
Strophe  K,  v.  3, 


E  c  c  e  gigantes  g  e  m  e  r  e  sub  a  q  u  i  s  magno   u  1  c  e  r  e . 
A-G  A-A-G  |     A -G||  A- A-G      A-G°|  A-O-G 

Strophe  L,  v.  i, 

L  i  g  a  t  a  s  aquas   nubibus  frequenter  crebrat  D  o  m  i  n  u  s . 
A-A-G    A-G°|  A-O-GH  A  -  A-G    A-G|      A-G 

V.   2, 

1  1          11          i  |         1        W         A      ||     A          -^  1  .S.      I     A      W   '   W        .S. 

Ut  ne  erumpant  protinus  simul  ruptis  obicibus. 
A- A   A-A-G0  |  A-O-G  ||  A-G     A-G|A-A-G 

Strophe,  M  v.  2, 

A         J.  1         _!-         |     i          i    w      C/    ||  A      i        A  1         J.     |     i    W      J. 

Globus  terrae  et  circulus  abyssi,  magnae  inditus. 
A-G    A-G    |  A-A-O-GilA-A-G      A-G°  A-O-G 

Strophe  N,  v.  i, 

Nulli  videtur  dubium  in  imis  esse  infernum. 
A-G  A-A-G        A -GHA-A-G  A-G|  A-A-G 

V.    2, 

Ubi  habentur  tenebrae  vermes  ac  dirae  bestiae. 
A-G  A-A-G]     A  -  G    ||  A-G   A  -A-G|   A-O-G 

V.     4, 

w—      w-L\2/  W     "W        —  J_      o        JL          -L        *     I     —     sy    A 

Ubi  rugitus  hominum  fletus  ac  stridor  dentium. 
A-G  A-A-G  |      A-G     ||A-G   A  -  A-G°|  A-O-G 

V.  6, 

Ubi  ardor  flammaticus  sitis  famisque    horridus. 
A-G    A-G  |    A-A-O-G||A-G    A-A-G0    A-O-G 


70  THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAN 

Strophe  Q,  v.  i, 

»  _        i  —        |  ^«  ||       «  I 

Quis  ad  condictum  Domini  montem  conscendit  Sinai. 
A-G     A-A-G  |       A-G||   A-G     A-A-G|    A-G 

Strophe  S,  v.  3, 

A1.S.  Ao|w»s^C'||ioiii|l^C' 

Videntes  quoque  posita  ante  obtutus  crimina. 
A-A-G      A-G|     A  -  G||  A-G   A-A-G0   |  A-O-G 

Strophe  Z,  v.  2, 

Nolentes  Christum  credere  Deo  a  patre  venisse. 
A-A-G       A-G°  |  A-O-GHA-G  A-A-G]  A-A-G 

Noli  Pater,  Liber  Hymnorum,  ap.  Macllwaine,  Lyr.  Hibern.  Sacra 
382: 

V.    9, 


w    ^ 


Repletus  dei    gratia  pro  vino  atque  siccera. 
A-A-G  A-G°|  A-O-GH  A -A-G   A-G°[  A-O-G 

V.    12, 

A  ^    i      Aj.|io||Aj.Aij.     i    o 

Manet  in  meo  corde  dei  amoris  flamma. 

A-G  A- A-G|  A-GIIA-G  A-A-Gj  A-G 

V.  13, 

AAiij.|i*||i.i.     i    w  j.  |  i     o 
Ut  in  argenti  vase  auri   ponitur  gemma. 
A- A   A -A-G  |  A-GIIA-G0  A-O-G|  A-G 

In  Te  Christe,  Ibid.  p.  383: 

V.  7, 

A  j.    iioji^j-IIA^ii    *   j  i  w^  a, 
Deus  formator  omnium  deus  et  iudex  iudicum. 
A-G  A-A-G°|  A-O-G  ||  A-G  A-A-G0  |A-O-G 

V.    17, 

Christus  redemptor  gentium  Christus  a  ma  tor  virginum. 
A-G    A-A-G0 1    A-O-G  II    A-G    A-A-G°|    A-O-G 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  71 

V.   19, 

1       ^         i      i    C,    |       i   w      J.      ||         l-l.  A    i     C,     |     i     w   J. 

Christus  lorica  militum  Christus  creator  omnium. 
A-G    A-A-G°|   A-O-G  |      A-G     A-A-G°|  A-O-G 

V.  31, 


Dum  sibi  hymnos  canimus  decem  statutis  vicibus. 
A  -A-G     A-G       A  -G||  A-G      A-A-G        A-G 

The  perfect  naturalness  of  the  process  of  Hellenization  which  resulted 
in  Christian  hymnology  and  modern  European  rhythm  is  apparent,  when 
we  observe  how  Sedulius  has  nothing  to  do  but  place  his  quantities  and 
we  have  our  same  Saturnian,  with  superadded  quantitative  verse-beat: 

Sedulius,  De  Nativitate  Domini,  Liber  Hymnorum,  ap.  Macllwaine, 


A  solis  ortus  cardine  adusque  terrae  limitem, 
t  I  ill  i  ii 

A-A-G    A-G°|  A-O-GHA-A-G       A-G   |  A-O-G 

where  A-A-G  as  word-foot  must  be  so  located  as  to  receive  the  Greek 

• 

verse-beat  on  the  second  A  (A-A-G)  ,  or  else  resign  its  place  to  A-O-G,  whose 

i        • 

tripudic  rhythm  reproduces  exactly  the  Hellenic  (A-O-G).  Thus  our 
modern  accentual  rhythm  is  historically  and  literally  nothing  but  the 
Italico-Keltic  tripudic  rhythm  modulated  naturally  to  the  Hellenic 
verse-beat,  while  Latin  Classic  verse  was  historically  and  literally 
nothing  but  this  same  Italico-Keltic  tripudic  rhythm  modulated  arti- 
ficially (i.e.  forcibly)  to  the  Hellenic  verse-beat. 

St.  Ultan's  Hymn  to  St.  Brigid,  Liber  Hymnorum,  Todd  I.  57: 
Strophe  II,  v.  4, 

i  ^    A     i     J.    1  A  w  .*  J    4    i  *    1       *  |  w»  w    * 

Nisi  per  is  tarn  virginem  Mariae  sanctae  si  mile  m. 
A-G  A  -  A  -  G°  I  A-O-G  II  A  -  A-G  A  -  G  I     A-G 


—         w       O 


72  THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAN 

Strophe  III,  v.  4, 

xtl-l.  -       -     I  -  i     o||    i         i         i  1 

Refulgens  magno   splendore   ut   sol   in   caeli   culmine. 
A-A-G      A-G  |     A        A-GUA-A    A-A-G°|  A-O-G 

HymnusS.  PatriciiMagistriScotorum,A.ntii)honaryoi  Bangor,II.  14: 
Strophe  III,  V.  4, 

1         1     i          i       4.    |   1     i      *       H    1      Jt'    *  j     1  i       W     * 

In  cuius  portae  adversum  inferni  non  praevalent. 
A-A-G    A-G|  A-A-G    ||  A-A-G|  A  -  A-O-G 

Ibid,  in  fine  hymni, 

O      w'w-S.      i       J.        ±          J.         1        1          O     ||  i         1          1          1     J.        1        J.  llj. 

Patricii  laudes  semper  dicamus  ut  nos  cum  illo  semper  vivamus. 

A-A-GA-G|A-G    A-A-G  ||A-A    A-A-G    A-G     A-A-G 
Here  we  have  a  vivid  illustration  of  the  Keltic  predilection  for  the  pro- 
catalectic  expansion,  A-A-G  A-G,  and  A-G  A-A-G. 

Hymnus  S.  Comgilli  Abbatis  Nostri,  Antiphonary  of  Banger  II.  16: 

Exordium,  v.  3, 

•      •.»,.!•  ...II     •  •»..,!» 


J.        0    -S.  W 


Adiuti  Dei  flamine,  sancto  claroque  lumine. 
A-A-G  A-G°|  A  -  O-G||  A-G     A-A-G0  1  A-O-G 


Strophe  XII,  v.   i, 

i  i       t 


»     • 


i      • 


Magnum  apprendit  brabium  aeterna  vita  condignum. 
A-G     A-A-G      A-A-G  ||  A-A-G    A-G  |  A-A-G 

Strophe  XVII,  v.  4, 

1        O  1      1      i         IwOJIoi        O     1        O     I  w  '  w        i 

Cuius  exopto   gratia  mihi  adornet  animam. 
A-G     A-A-G0]  A-O-G II  A-G    A-A-G  |     A  -  G 

Strophe  XX,  v.   i, 

lo        llj-|lwi||olo        1       j.    I    J,     i    j. 

Vitam  aeternam  fulgida  adeptus  est  sub  corona. 

A-G     A-A-G0  |  A-O-GII  A-A-G    A- G|  A-A-G 

The  even  feet,  A-O-G  and  A-A-G,  demonstrate  the  purely  tripudic 

character  of  the  rhythm:  any  effort  to  find  the  Greek  verse-beat  disproves 

itself. 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  73 

Collectio  ad  Nocturnam,  Antiphonary  of  Bangor  II.  20: 
v.  i, 

i-i.         i       ij.|iwJ.||i^lij.|w'wJ. 

lesu,  clementer  visit  a  nocte  orantes  media. 
A-G    A-A-G°|  A-O-G1IA-G  A-A-G  |     A-G 

Ibid.,    Item    ad   Matutinam: 

V.    2, 

Petri  ut  quondam  fletibus  nostris  intende  precibus. 
A-G  A  -  A -G°  |  A-O-GH  A-G    A-A-G|     A-G 

Item  alia  ad  Matutinam: 

V.    2, 

1       1        J.        ±    J.   |  i        w     J.  ||   A   J.      1      i       C,    |  w  '  w    -g. 

Adventum  veri  luminis  tuis  effunde  famulis. 
A-A-G    A-G°|A-O-G||A-G  A-A-G|     A-G 

In  Memoriam  Abbatum  Nostrorum,  Antiphonary  of  Bangor  II.  33: 
Strophe  II,  v.    i, 

Amavit  Christus  Comgillum  bene  et  ipse  Dominum. 

A-A-G        A-G  |  A -A-G   ||  A-G  A-A-G  |     A-G 

V-    3> 

iij.      1     -i.     |    1  i    j.    ||  1    ±  j.        1   j.  |    A   1   j. 
E legit  sanctum   Sinlanum  famosum  mundi  magistrum. 
A-A-G     A-G    |  A-A-G  HA-A-G       A-G  |    A-A-G 

Strophe  IV,  2, 

Pastor  Columba  congruus  querela  absque  Aidanus. 
A-G    A-A-G°1  A-O-GH  A-  A-G  A  -  G|  A-A-G 

Strophe  V,  v.  3, 

i.S.1          i         J.     I  i      ±     J.      ||     i        1       vl/         AC<|w'wJ. 

Zoen  ut  carpat  Cronanus  conservet  eum  Dominus. 
A-G  A -A-G  |     A-A-G  ||  A-A-G    A-G  |     A-G 


74  THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAN 

Strophe  VI,  v.  3, 

t,  ^    ll*|lw*Hl«    i  i  * 

Uti  possimus   omnia  nostra  delete  crimina. 
A-G  A-A-G°|  A-O-GI  A-G     A-A-G°|    A-O-G 

THE  KELTIC  SATURNIAN  IN  ENGLAND. 
Aldhelmus,  Giles,  Oxon.  1841,  p.  113: 
V.  6, 


Forma  et  usu  virile m,  factb  et  dicto  senilem. 
A-G    A-A-G  |  A-A-G    ||A-G    A- A-G  |  A-A-G 

THE  KELTIC  SATURNIAN  ON  THE  CONTINENT. 
Bonifatius,  Carmina,  Diimmler,  p.  18: 
Carm.  Ill,  v.  13, 

1      1    j.      i  .1.  i         wo||iw-i.i.s.|iwo 

Excelsi  regni  p  r  a  e  m  i  a  lucidus  captes  aurea. 
A-A-G  A-G°|       A  -O-G°||  A-O-G    A-G°|  A-O-G 

Dicuil,  Computus,  ap.  Diimmler,  N.  A.  S.,  p.  256: 

V.4, 

•      .1      .    I     »    ,        ,    II  ».      1       I    ,_  I   1    1 


More   fraterno   corrigat  ut  me  possit  defendere. 
A-G    A-A-G°|   A-O-G  ||A-A      A-G|A-A-O-G 

Sedulius  Scotus,  Carmina,  Grosse: 
Carmen  VI,  v.   2, 

1    *      4    A   j      A      i      J.     ||    i      i       A  i          A  |    ±     A 

Christe  fave  Roberto,  longaevum  fac  Robertum. 
A-G  A-G  I    A-A-G  ||  A-A-G      A  -  A|  A-G 

§  19.     Diomedes,  Keil  I.  384,  says:    Item  vulgo  dicimus  amplector, 
veteres  immutaverunt  amploctor  crebro  dictitantes,  ut  Livius  in  Odyssia: 

vl^.  w«wo|i         i      a.       ||     JL    W*      |i     1;   A 

Utrum  genua  amploctens    virginem  oraret. 
A-G        A-G|  A-A-G0  ||  A-O-G  |A-A-G 
Cf.  §  i. 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  75 

§  20.     Charisius,  Keil  I.  197,  exemplifying  the  use  of  doriicum  for 
donee,  quotes  Livius: 

Ibi  manens  sedeto,  donicum  videbis. 
A-G    A-G     |  A-A-G°||A-O-G  |  A-A-G 

Me  carpento  vehentem  domum  venisse. 
A-  A   A-G  |  A-A-G  ||  A-G    |   A-A-G 
Cf.  §  i. 

§  21.     Festus,  p.   174  Mueller,  illustrating  the  use  of  noegeum  as 
amiculi  genus,  quotes  Livius  in  Odyssia: 

Simulac  lacrimas  de  ore  noegeo  detersit. 
A-G       A-G    A-A-GH    A-A-G   A-A-G 
Cf.  §  13. 

§  22.     Festus,  p.  352  Mueller,  explaining  topper: 

i        o        i*|iju8Aw*Jll* 

Namque  nullum   peius  macerat  humanum. 
A-G      A-G    |  A-G1   A-O-G|  A-A-G 

Quamde  mare   saevum:   vires   cui   sunt   magnae. 
A-G     A-G|A-G     II   A-G    A-A    |     A-G 

i      .».  |    I     1    ,«.{}£_    1   a.  j  1    ju 

Topper  confringent  importunae  undae. 

A-G|A-A-G    HA-O-A-G  |A-G 

On  v.  i  cf.  §  i ;  on  v.  2,  §  4;  on  v.  3,  §.  5. 

§   23.     Priscian,  Inst.  VI.   6,  explaining  the  genitive  in  -as,  quotes 
Livius  in  Odyssia: 

i  i    w    J.    |     i  O        A  J.      ||      i    W     J.     I       i      ±         JL 

Mercurius  cumque    eo     filius  Latonas. 
A  -  A-O-GI  A  -  G  A-G°||  A-O-G  |  A-A  -  G 

Cf.  §  i. 


76  THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAN 

§  24.     Diomedes,  Keil   369,  illustrating   the   use  of  nexare,  quotes 
Lh'ius  in  Odyssia: 

11^.  I    *  |  1     *        i  ||   ±  J.       11-=-       |  v,  •  w  -s. 

Nexabant  multa  inter  se  flexu  nodorum  dubio. 
A-A-G       A-G|A-G  -AIIA-G    A-A-G    |A-G 
Cf.  §  18. 

§  25.     Priscian,  Inst.  VI.  6,  in  further  illustration  of  the  genitive  in 
-as,  quotes  again  from  Livius  in  Odyssia: 

1  i     c,|       Al^||l^o|w»wl 

Nam  diva  Monetas  filia   docuit. 
A    -  A-G|    A-A-G°||A-O-G|    A-G 
Cf.  §  5. 

§   26.     Priscian,  Keil  II:  96,  illustrating  superus,  quotes  Livius  in 
Odyssia: 

1^0         1        w'vx     i     |   J,    J.||     i          >L    -^          1     W    *    |A    i    * 

Inferus  an  superus  tibi  fert  deus  funera,  Ulixes. 
A-O-G    A-A-G  |  A-G||  A  -  A-G°    A-O-G  |  A-A-G 
The  favorite  Keltic  type:  cf.  §  18. 

§   27.     Festus,  p.  352  Mueller,  discussing  topper,  says:  In  Odyssia 
vetere: 

1         JL.          «>    <fc    I  W  '  V     Jbjj    Ji  O    ^-  I   C/    _    -L. 

Topper  facit  homines  ut  pfius  fuerunt. 

A-G    A-G|     A-GIIA-   A-G(A-A-G 
Cf,  §  10. 

§  28.     Festus  loco  citato  (Mueller  352)  continues: 


Topper  citi  ad  aedis  venimus  Circae. 
A-A    A-G|A-A-G°||  A-O-G|  A-G 


\i/  j.      c/    M> 


_    0,   i    u.     ||     I      *        I    i         1., 

Simul  duona  eorum  portant  ad  navis, 
A-G  -  A-G  A-A-G  ||  A-G    |  A  -  A-G 

lo^'wolvLlvi/lll         wwl  -1. 

Multa    alia   in  isdem  inserinuntur.     . 

A-G     A  -  G| A-A-G  ||A-O-O-A  -  G 
Cf.  §  i. 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  77 

§  29.  Gellius  VI  (VII).  7:  Idem  Livius  in  Odyssia  praemodum  dicit, 
quasi  admodum:  parcentes  inquit  praemodum,  quod  significat  supra  modum, 
dictumque  est  quasi  praeter  modum,  in  quo  scilicet  prima  syllaba  acui 
debebit. 

i        1-     A|  1        w     - 

.     parcentes  praemodum 

A-A-G°||      A-O-G 
Cf.  §  i. 

§  30.     Nonius  Marcellus  II.  88  quotes  Livius  in  Odyssia: 

i|    i          w  «  w      I   1   v*          1 

Sic  quoque  fitum  est. 

||  A    -    A     |  A-G  -  A 
Cf.   §   i. 

§  31.  Festus,  p.  ii  Mueller,  on  the  meaning  of  affatim  as  abundanter, 
quotes  Livius: 

i      W    *  i      i|     0,     i||      i      i 

Affatim  edibibilusi 

A-O-G    A-G|A-G||A-G 

Cf.    §    22,   V.    2. 

§  32.  Priscian,  Keil  II.  482,  on  gavisi  for  gavisus  sum,  quotes  Livius 
in  Odyssia: 

w'w    *     |    i     i    i||    i       i    I     i      i  i 

Quoniam  audivi  paucus  gavisi. 
A-G]  A-A-GH  A-G  |  A- A-G 
Cf.  §  5- 

§  33.  Festus,  p.  375  Mueller,  discussing  vacerra,  quotes  Livius: 

ii     ^i       l|w«w*||Aio 
Vecorde  et  malefica   vacerra     .... 
A-A-G  A  -  A|    A-G||  A-A-G 
Cf.  §  18. 

§  34.    Nonius  Marcellus  I.  599,  on  pullus  as  non  albus,  quotes  Livius: 

Vestis  pulla  purpurea  ampla     .... 
A-G    A-G|  A         A -G||  A-G 
Cf.  §  i. 


78  THE  LITERARY  SATURNIAX 

§  35.     Festus,  p.  67  Mueller,  says: 

II  i    j.  I  ±    1   -u 

"  I 

dusmo  in  loco 

||  A-G|A-A-G 

apud  Livium  significat  dumosum  locum. 
Cf.  §  i. 

§  36.     Priscian  VIII.  57,  60  (Keil  II.  419)  on  the  perfect  of  mandere 
quotes  Livius  in  Odyssia: 

Cum   socios   nostros   mandisset   impius    Cyclops. 
A        A-G    A-G   |    A-A-G1  A-O-G  |    A-G 

Cf.  §  3. 

§  37.     Paulus  299:    Suremit,  sumpsit: 

'  i      O  >!/.!.       Ivi/ivi-    ||      1-1. 

Inque  manum  suremit  hastam     . 
A-G     A-G  |  A -A -G||  A-G 
Cf.  §  i. 

§  38.  Priscian,  Keil  II.  335,  on  celer:  Livius  in  Odyssia: 

At  celer  hasta  volans  perrumpit  pectora  ferro. 
A -A-G    A-G  |  A-G  ||  A-A-  G°   A-O-G|A-G 
Cf.   §  18. 

§'39.    Priscian,  Keil,  II.  208,  on  caro:  Livius  Andronicus  in  Odyssia: 

i      v*         1    .S.      I    i     i          C/     ||        1          i     i     J.     I     ±     _     i     J. 

Carnis  autem  vinumque  quod  libabant  anclabatur. 
A-G    A-G  |  A-A -G||     A  -  A  A-G°  A-O-A-G 

Cf.     §12. 

§  40.    Nonius  Marcellus  II.  122:    Dextrabus  pro  dexteris:  Livius  in 
Odyssia: 

1      C,  w'wJ.  i       i         J.    || 

Deque  manibus  dextrabus 

A-G       A-G  |  A-A-GII 
Cf.  §   i. 


LIVIUS  ANDRONICUS  79 

§.  41.    Priscian,  Keil  II.  231,  on  puera:  Livius  in  Odyssia: 

Mea  puera  quid  verbi  ex  tuo  ore  supra  fugit? 
Idem  alibi : 

W«wl       A       |w»WJ.     811*11  1        w      ^ 

Puerarum  manibus  confectum  pulcherrime. 

A  -A-G    |     A  -  G  ||  A-A-G    |    A  -  A-O-G 
Cf.  §  5. 

§  42.    Priscian,  Keil  II.  151,  on  linter  as  feminine:  Livius  in  VI: 
±      d,!*|ilj.||l* 
lam  in  altum  expulsa  lintre     .... 
A  -  A  A-G  |  A- A-G  II  A-G 


Thus  we  are  brought  back  again  to  the  lesson  of  the  Sacred  Spear  of 
the  Arval  Brotherhood,  and  of  the  Sacred  Shield  of  St.  Patrick: 

Jf    j.      o     j.  I  >!/   i  o 

Enos  Lases  iuvate! 

A-G     A-G|A-A-G 
the  key  to  the  history  of  accentual  rhythm  in  all  ages. 


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